Desarrollo de una escala para conocer la experiencia de vivir con una insuficiencia cardíaca crónica: Escala UNAV-Experiencia de vivir con insuficiencia cardíaca crónica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.1071Palabras clave:
Insuficiencia cardíaca, Experiencias de Vida, Medición de Resultados, Informados por el PacienteResumen
Fundamento. A pesar de que la experiencia de vivir con insuficiencia cardiaca crónica (ICC) despierta gran interés entre el personal enfermero, no existen herramientas para explorar esta experiencia de forma sistemática. El objetivo de este estudio es desarrollar una escala para conocer la experiencia de vivir con ICC.
Métodos. El estudio se realizó entre enero de 2018 y diciembre de 2020 en tres hospitales españoles. Se aplicó la teoría de DeVellis para el desarrollo de una escala. Los ítems se formularon a partir de un estudio fenomenológico y de una revisión sistemática de la literatura. Tras la opinión del panel de expertos, se administró la escala a una muestra de pacientes con ICC y se generó la versión final de la escala tras realizar una entrevista cognitiva y un estudio observacional.
Resultados. La versión 1 de la escala constaba de siete dominios y 76 ítems. Tras la evaluación por el panel de expertos, la versión 2 se diseñó con seis dominios y 55 ítems. Tras su aplicación a 17 pacientes (58,8% varones, edad media 59,53 años, 70,6% clasificados como clase funcional II de la NYHA) se modificaron cinco ítems y se eliminaron dos, resultando la versión 3 de la Escala de Experiencia UNAV-CHF con seis dominios y un total de 53 ítems.
Conclusiones. Este estudio presenta el desarrollo de la Escala UNAV-Experiencia de vivir con ICC, instrumento original y novedoso que permite explorar esta experiencia de forma sistemática. Es necesario un estudio a mayor escala para confirmar su validez.
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