Interferencia de las dobles tareas en niños de 8 a 12 años (Dual task interference in children from 8 to 12 years old)

Autores/as

  • Adrià Marco-Ahulló Vall d'Hebron Research Institute
  • Raúl Fernández
  • Gonzalo Monfort-Torres
  • Pilar Bustillo-Casero
  • Jose Luis Bermejo
  • Xavier García-Massó

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.87932

Palabras clave:

Equilibrio; memoria; desarrollo, (Balance; memory; development)

Resumen

 

 

El objetivo principal de este manuscrito fue analizar el efecto de la doble tarea y su dificultad sobre el rendimiento motor y cognitivo mediante una tarea de control postural y otra de memoria en niños, estableciendo las diferencias entre el efecto de las tareas en los distintos grupos de edad. La muestra del estudio estuvo compuesta por ciento dieciséis niños, de entre 8 y 12 años de edad. Los participantes completaron tres tareas simples y dos tareas dobles. La tarea individual postural (EO) consistió en mantener el equilibrio en posición de bipedestación y las dos tareas individuales cognitivas realizadas fueron el Backward Digit Span Test con secuencias de 3 dígitos y el Backward Digit Span Test con secuencias de 5 dígitos. Las dobles tareas fueron la combinación de la tarea postural y las tareas cognitivas. En cuanto a la medición del control postural, las señales del CoP se adquirieron mediante una Wii Balance Board. El análisis realizado mostró que los grupos más jóvenes (8-9 años) obtuvieron peores puntuaciones en las variables de control postural en condiciones de doble tarea que los grupos de mayor edad (11-12 años), especialmente que el grupo de 12 años. En cuanto al efecto de la doble tarea sobre el control postural, en todos los grupos de 9 a 12 años se observó un mayor control postural y estabilidad durante la ejecución de la doble tarea 5D que durante la tarea 3D. Por último, no se encontraron diferencias en el número de respuestas correctas en la tarea cognitiva al realizar una tarea simple o dual, en ningún grupo de edad.

Abstract. The main aim of this manuscript was to analyze the effect of dual task and their difficulty on the motor and cognitive performance using a postural control and a memory tasks in middle childhood group ages children, establishing the differences between the effect of the tasks in the different age groups. The study sample was composed by one hundred and sixteen children, between 8 and 12 years old. The participants completed three single tasks and two dual-tasks. The postural single task (EO) consisted in maintain the balance in the bipedal stance position and two cognitive single tasks performed were the Backward Digit Span Test with 3-Digits sequences length and the Backward Digit Span Test 5-Digits sequences length. The dual-tasks were the combination of the postural task and the cognitive tasks. Regarding the postural control measurement, CoP signals were acquired with a Wii Balance Board. The analysis performed showed that the younger groups (8-9 years old) had worse punctuations in postural control variables in dual-task conditions than the older age groups (11-12 years old), especially than the 12 years old group. Regarding the effect of dual task in postural control, in all groups between 9 to 12 years old, higher postural control and stability were observed during the execution of the 5D dual-task than during the 3D task. Finally, no differences were found in the number of correct answers in the cognitive task when performing a single or dual-task, in any age group.

Citas

Abuin-Porras, V., Villafañe, J. H., Jiménez-Antona, C., Palacios, A., Martínez-Pascual, B., & Rodríguez-Costa, I. (2018). Relationship between attention and balance: A dual-task condition study in children. Journal of Exercise Rehabilitation, 14(3), 349-355. https://doi.org/10.12965/jer.1836142.071

Arce-Cifuentes, B., Bas-Cerdá, A., & Garcia-Masso, X. (2020). Efectos de la auto-selección del foco de atención durante el aprendizaje de una tarea de control postural. Retos, 37, 93-99. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.70875

Bermejo, J. L., García-Massó, X., Gomis, M., Noé, F., Huertas, F., Pablos, C., & Paillard, T. (2015). The difficulty of postural tasks amplifies the effects of fatigue on postural stability. European Journal of Applied Physiology, 115(3), 489-495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-3038-z

Blanchard, Y., Carey, S., Coffey, J., Cohen, A., Harris, T., Michlik, S., & Pellecchia, G. L. (2005). The influence of concurrent cognitive tasks on postural sway in children. Pediatric Physical Therapy, 17(3), 189-193.

Boonyong, S., Siu, K.-C., Donkelaar, P. van, Chou, L.-S., & Woollacott, M. H. (2012). Development of postural control during gait in typically developing children: The effects of dual-task conditions. Gait & Posture, 35(3), 428-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.11.002

Bustillo-Casero, P., Cebrian-Bou, S., Cruz-Montecinos, C., Pardo, A., & García-Massó, X. (2020). Effects of A Dual-Task Intervention in Postural Control and Cognitive Performance in Adolescents. Journal of Motor Behavior, 52(2), 187-195. https://doi.org/10.1080/00222895.2019.1600467

Bustillo-Casero, P., Villarrasa-Sapiña, I., & García-Massó, X. (2017). Effects of dual task difficulty in motor and cognitive performance: Differences between adults and adolescents. Human Movement Science, 55, 8-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2017.07.004

Clark, J. E., & Metcalfe, J. S. (2002). The mountain of motor development: A metaphor. Motor development: Research and reviews, 2(163-190).

De Kegel, A., Dhooge, I., Cambier, D., Baetens, T., Palmans, T., & Van Waelvelde, H. (2011). Test-retest reliability of the assessment of postural stability in typically developing children and in hearing impaired children. Gait & Posture, 33(4), 679-685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2011.02.024

Ebersbach, G., Dimitrijevic, M. R., & Poewe, W. (1995). Influence of Concurrent Tasks on Gait: A Dual-Task Approach. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 81(1), 107-113. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.81.1.107

Estevan, I., Gandia, S., Villarrasa-Sapiña, I., Bermejo, J. L., & García-Massó, X. (2018). Working Memory Task Influence in Postural Stability and Cognitive Function in Adolescents. Motor Control, 22(4), 425-435. https://doi.org/10.1123/mc.2017-0063

Goodway, J. D., & Branta, C. F. (2003). Influence of a motor skill intervention on fundamental motor skill development of disadvantaged preschool children. Research quarterly for exercise and sport, 74(1), 36-46.

Holfelder, B., & Schott, N. (2014). Relationship of fundamental movement skills and physical activity in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(4), 382-391.

Huang, H. J., & Mercer, V. S. (2001). Dual-task methodology: Applications in studies of cognitive and motor performance in adults and children. Pediatric Physical Therapy: The Official Publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association, 13(3), 133-140.

Huang, H.-J., Mercer, V. S., & Thorpe, D. E. (2003). Effects of different concurrent cognitive tasks on temporal-distance gait variables in children. Pediatric Physical Therapy: The Official Publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association, 15(2), 105-113. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.PEP.0000067886.96352.6B

Huxhold, O., Li, S.-C., Schmiedek, F., & Lindenberger, U. (2006). Dual-tasking postural control: Aging and the effects of cognitive demand in conjunction with focus of attention. Brain Research Bulletin, 69(3), 294-305. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2006.01.002

Lacour, M., Bernard-Demanze, L., & Dumitrescu, M. (2008). Posture control, aging, and attention resources: Models and posture-analysis methods. Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology, 38(6), 411-421. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neucli.2008.09.005

Lubans, D. R., Morgan, P. J., Cliff, D. P., Barnett, L. M., & Okely, A. D. (2010). Fundamental Movement Skills in Children and Adolescents. Sports Medicine, 40(12), 1019-1035. https://doi.org/10.2165/11536850-000000000-00000

McNevin, N. H., & Wulf, G. (2002). Attentional focus on supra-postural tasks affects postural control. Human Movement Science, 21(2), 187-202. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9457(02)00095-7

Olivier, I., Cuisinier, R., Vaugoyeau, M., Nougier, V., & Assaiante, C. (2010). Age-related differences in cognitive and postural dual-task performance. Gait & Posture, 32(4), 494-499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.07.008

Paillard, T., & Noé, F. (2015). Techniques and Methods for Testing the Postural Function in Healthy and Pathological Subjects [Review Article]. BioMed Research International; Hindawi. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/891390

Palluel, E., Nougier, V., & Olivier, I. (2010). Postural control and attentional demand during adolescence. Brain Research, 1358, 151-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2010.08.051

Riach, C., & Starkes, J. (1993). Stability limits of quiet standing postural control in children and adults. Gait & Posture, 1(2), 105-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/0966-6362(93)90021-R

Riley, M. A., Baker, A. A., & Schmit, J. M. (2003). Inverse relation between postural variability and difficulty of a concurrent short-term memory task. Brain Research Bulletin, 62(3), 191-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainresbull.2003.09.012

Rival, C., Ceyte, H., & Olivier, I. (2004). Developmental changes of static standing balance in children. Neuroscience Letters, 376(2), 133-136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neulet.2004.11.042

Schmid, M., Conforto, S., Lopez, L., & D’Alessio, T. (2007). Cognitive load affects postural control in children. Experimental brain research, 179(3), 375-385.

Shumway-Cook, A., & Woollacott, M. (2000). Attentional demands and postural control: The effect of sensory context. Journals of Gerontology-Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 55(1), M10.

St Clair-Thompson, H. L., & Gathercole, S. E. (2006). Executive functions and achievements in school: Shifting, updating, inhibition, and working memory. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology (2006), 59(4), 745-759. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470210500162854

Villarrasa-Sapiña, I., Estevan, I., Gonzalez, L.-M., Marco-Ahulló, A., & García-Massó, X. (2019). Dual task cost in balance control and stability in children from 4–7 years old. Early Child Development and Care, 0(0), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2019.1590349

Vuillerme, N., & Nafati, G. (2007). How attentional focus on body sway affects postural control during quiet standing. Psychological Research, 71(2), 192-200. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-005-0018-2

Descargas

Publicado

2022-01-06

Cómo citar

Marco-Ahulló, A., Fernández, R., Monfort-Torres, G., Bustillo-Casero, P., Bermejo, J. L., & García-Massó, X. (2022). Interferencia de las dobles tareas en niños de 8 a 12 años (Dual task interference in children from 8 to 12 years old). Retos, 43, 74–80. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v43i0.87932

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas

Artículos más leídos del mismo autor/a