Dor em Para atletas competitivos com deficiência física e técnica para seu manejo

Autores

  • Sandra Departamento de Ciencias Sociales Aplicadas al Deporte, la Actividad Física y el Ocio, de la Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, España. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9341-8569
  • María Isabel María Isabel Barriopedro Moro Departamento de Ciencias Sociales Aplicadas al Deporte, la Actividad Física y el Ocio, de la Facultad de Ciencias del Deporte, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, España. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3872-5843

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v63.108847

Palavras-chave:

Competición, dolor crónico, discapacidad física, modelos psicológicos, Para atleta, Chronic pain, competition, Para athlete, physical disability, psychological models

Resumo

Os fatores psicossociais são claros mediadores na percepção da dor, por isso as técnicas psicológicas foram agregadas ao tratamento convencional. Contudo, seu uso é limitado em atletas com deficiência física, apesar das evidências destacarem sua importância.
Objetivo: conhecer a percepção que para-atletas com deficiência física de alto nível competitivo e membros de equipes esportivas (técnicos, fisioterapeutas e psicólogos) têm sobre 1) como a dor pode afetar o desenvolvimento da carreira esportiva do atleta, e 2)) quais técnicas e /ou estratégias que conhecem e/ou implementam para o manejo da dor.
Metodologia: foram entrevistados, via videoconferência, vinte participantes vinculados ao esporte de elite com deficiência física. As entrevistas foram orientadas por meio de roteiro temático semiestruturado e duraram de 30 a 50 minutos. O método de análise utilizado foi o fenomenológico interpretativo.
Resultados: A dor tem impacto negativo na carreira esportiva do para-atleta, seja diretamente porque impede a execução correta dos gestos técnicos, ou indiretamente através de consequências psicológicas como medo e estresse que impedem os atletas de alcançarem seus objetivos esportivos. Os participantes usaram inúmeras técnicas e estratégias de controle da dor. Havia uma clara discrepância entre psicólogos e para-atletas em relação às técnicas psicológicas. Os para-atletas perceberam que as técnicas
Visavam melhorar o desempenho desportivo e não apoiá-los no tratamento da dor.

Conclusões: Ficou evidente que diversos fatores influenciaram negativamente a carreira esportiva do para-atleta. Pesquisas futuras deverão incluir técnicas psicológicas que auxiliem atletas com deficiência física nesse aspecto.

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2024-12-07

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Constantino Murillo, S. ., & Barriopedro Moro, M. I. . (2024). Dor em Para atletas competitivos com deficiência física e técnica para seu manejo. Retos, 63, 262–279. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v63.108847

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Artigos de caráter científico: trabalhos de pesquisas básicas e/ou aplicadas.