Pain in competitive Para athletes with physical disabilities and techniques for its management
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v63.108847Keywords:
Athlete, physical disability, competition, chronic pain, psychological modelsAbstract
Psychosocial factors are clear mediators of pain perception, so psychological techniques have been added to conventional treatment. However, their use is limited in Para athletes with physical disabilities, despite evidence highlighting their importance.
Objective: to ascertain the perception of high-level competitive Para athletes with physical disability and sport team staff (coaches, physiotherapists and psychologists) of 1) how pain can affect the development of the athlete's sports career, and 2) what techniques and/or strategies they know and/or implement for pain management.
Methodology: twenty participants linked to elite sport with physical disabilities were interviewed via videoconference. Interviews were guided using a semi-structured topic guide and ranged from 30 to 50 minutes in duration. The method of analysis used was interpretative phenomenological.
Results: pain has a negative impact on the Para athlete's sports career, either directly because it prevents the correct execution of technical gestures, or indirectly through psychological consequences such as fear and stress that hinder the athletes from being able to achieve their sporting goals. Participants used numerous techniques and strategies for pain management. There was a clear discrepancy between psychologists and Para athletes on psychological techniques. While psychologists indicated using psychological techniques for pain management, Para athletes perceived that these techniques were oriented to improving sports performance and not to supporting them in pain management.
Conclusions: Several factors were found to negatively influence the Para athlete's sporting career. Future research should include psychological techniques, which help the physically disabled athlete in this aspect.
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