O desenvolvimento dos diversos campos do desporto paralímpico: uma revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.108121Palavras-chave:
Desportos paralímpicos, desenvolvimento desportivo, revisão sistemática, tecnologia e inovaçãoResumo
O objetivo desta investigação é descrever a evolução do apoio financeiro e das infraestruturas ao desporto paralímpico, os desafios e estratégias associados a este desporto e os desenvolvimentos tecnológicos e inovadores no seu âmbito. Este tipo de investigação qualitativa utiliza um método de revisão sistemática da literatura. Os procedimentos de investigação envolvem as seguintes etapas: recolha de questões de investigação, realização de pesquisas bibliográficas através da base de dados Scopus com o auxílio da aplicação Publish or Perish e Mendeley Desktop com palavras-chave booleanas, seleção e codificação dos artigos selecionados, análise e síntese dos artigos selecionados, condução da qualidade controlo, ou seja, artigos selecionados e viáveis, recolha de discussões, exame da validade e fiabilidade dos dados, ou seja, correção de viés se forem encontrados menos de 20 artigos, os dados serão corrigidos por viés . As conclusões da revisão sistemática da literatura indicaram que: (1) Apoio financeiro e infra-estruturas: Estudos interessantes concluíram que os atletas com deficiência enfrentam infra-estruturas inadequadas para equilibrar treino e trabalho devido a salários insuficientes e limitações nos aspectos de transporte; (2) Os desafios e as estratégias utilizadas para abordar a complexidade de questões como as restrições orçamentais, a experiência descentralizada e a vida pessoal. Os atletas devem ser capazes de comunicar eficazmente, desenvolver planos detalhados, criar planos de contingência e gerir expectativas específicas. Devem também ser capazes de compreender as funções e os limites específicos dos seus treinadores e colegas. Por último, devem poder confiar nos seus treinadores; (3) Tecnologia e inovação: Uma análise qualitativa dos aspetos ergonómicos de uma ferramenta pode ser considerada um fator que contribui para o sucesso das corridas em cadeiras de rodas, como demonstrado pela análise do tipo de roda, do diâmetro do aro e do tamanho da roda. Os resultados da investigação indicaram que o apoio financeiro e de infra-estruturas aumentou em linha com o desenvolvimento e o perfil do desporto, o que por sua vez levou a um aumento do financiamento para os Jogos Paralímpicos. Além disso, também foram empregues avanços tecnológicos e abordagens inovadoras para melhorar a ergonomia de uma ferramenta, desenvolver o conceito de eHealth para a recolha de dados de relatórios de lesões e realizar análises de fitness que beneficiam atletas com deficiência.
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