Fiabilidad test-retest y validez de constructo del test Silat Momentum de Inosen (Test-retest reliability and construct validity of Inosen’s Silat Momentum Test)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.109075Palabras clave:
biomecánica, impulso de patada, pencak silat, prueba de rendimiento, tecnología de sensoresResumen
Planteamiento del problema: La patada en Pencak Silat tiene una magnitud denominada impulso, que requiere de una herramienta capaz de medir diversas variables basadas en el Sistema Internacional de Unidades (SI) en tiempo real. En la actualidad, existen tecnologías de sensores asequibles y fiables para satisfacer estas necesidades. Propósito: El objetivo de la investigación fue diseñar un instrumento de prueba que utilice tecnología de sensores para medir el impulso de la patada en la categoría de sparring de Pencak Silat siguiendo el SI aplicable, y probar su fiabilidad y validez. El instrumento resultante se denomina Inosen's Silat Momentum Test. Planteamiento: Este estudio sigue el proceso de construcción de siete tests de Johnson y Nelson. Veinticuatro atletas de Pencak Silat, 12 de élite y 12 de no élite, participaron en el proceso de evaluación. La fiabilidad del test se evaluó examinando la correlación entre los resultados del test y del re-test. La prueba de validez de constructo se realizó comparando los resultados de las pruebas de patada frontal de atletas de Pencak Silat de élite y de no élite. El análisis de los datos se realizó mediante la correlación de Pearson y pruebas t independientes con el software Minitab 21.4.1. Resultados: Los resultados de la prueba y el re-test indican una correlación muy alta (r = 0,923), lo que demuestra la capacidad consistente de la Prueba de Momento Silat de Inosen para medir el impulso de la patada. El estudio encontró una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en las puntuaciones del Inosen's Silat Momentum Test (p < 0,05) entre el grupo de luchadores de élite (puntuación media de 463,3 kg.m/s) y el grupo de luchadores de no élite (puntuación media de 375 kg.m/s). Los resultados indican que el Inosen's Silat Momentum Test es un instrumento eficaz para diferenciar el impulso de la patada en función del rendimiento del luchador. Conclusiones: En base a los resultados, se infiere que el Inosen's Silat Momentum Test es un instrumento fiable y válido para medir el impulso de la patada de Pencak Silat según los estándares del SI.
Palabras clave: biomecánica, impulso de patada, pencak silat, prueba de rendimiento, tecnología de sensores.
Abstract. Problem Statements: The kick in Pencak Silat has a magnitude called momentum, which requires a tool capable of measuring several variables based on the International System of Units (SI) in real-time. Nowadays, there are affordable and reliable sensor technologies to meet these needs. Purpose: The research aimed to design a test instrument that utilizes sensor technology to measure kick momentum in the sparring category of Pencak Silat following the applicable SI, and to test its reliability and validity. The resulting instrument is named Inosen’s Silat Momentum Test. Approach: This study followed Johnson and Nelson’s seven-test construction process. Twenty-four Pencak Silat athletes, consisting of 12 elite and 12 non-elite participants, were involved in the evaluation process. The test’s reliability was assessed by examining the correlation between the test and retest results. The construct validity test was conducted by comparing the results of the front kick tests of elite and non-elite Pencak Silat athletes. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation and independent t-tests using Minitab 21.4.1 software. Results: The results of the test and retest indicate a very high correlation (r = 0.923), demonstrating the consistent ability of Inosen’s Silat Momentum Test to measure kick momentum. The study found a statistically significant difference in the Inosen’s Silat Momentum Test scores (p < 0.05) between the elite fighter group (average score of 463.3 kg.m/s) and the non-elite fighter group (average score of 375 kg.m/s). The results indicate that Inosen’s Silat Momentum Test is an effective instrument for differentiating kick momentum based on fighter performance. Conclusions: Based on the findings, it is inferred that Inosen’s Silat Momentum Test is a reliable and valid instrument for measuring Pencak Silat kick momentum according to SI standards.
Keywords: biomechanics, kick momentum, pencak silat, performance test, sensor technology.
Citas
Anifah, L., Zuhrie, M. S., Muhammad, & Haryanto. (2023). INTEGRATED SMART REAL TIME SCORING PENCAK SILAT BASED ON INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT). International Journal on Technical and Physical Problems of Engineer-ing, 15(1), 155–163.
Ary, D., Jacobs, L. C., Irvine, C. K. S., & Walker, D. A. (2019). Introduction to Research in Education (10th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Beiderbeck, D., Evans, N., Frevel, N., & Schmidt, S. L. (2023). The impact of technology on the future of football – A global Delphi study. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122186
BIPM. (2019). The International System of Units (SI) (9th ed.). International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM). https://www.bipm.org/en/publications/si-brochure
Chavarría-Fernández, V., Rojas-Valverde, D., Gutiérrez-Vargas, R., Meza, C., & Méndez-Solano, M. (2023). Wearable Sports Technology Development in Costa Rica: Inertial Measurement Unit Integration for Real-Time External Load Monitoring | Desenvolvimento de tecnologia desportiva portátil na Costa Rica: integração de uma unidade de medição por inércia para mon. MHSalud, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.20-1.1
Danesi, M. (2020). Pythagoras’ Legacy (1st ed.). Oxford University Press.
Diewald, S. N., Cross, M. R., Neville, J., & Cronin, J. B. (2022). Validity and reliability of impact forces from a com-mercially instrumented water-filled punching bag. Sports Engineering, 25(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12283-022-00368-3
Doewes, R. I., Elumalai, G., & Azmi, S. H. (2022). Biomechanics analysis on Jejag kick of pencak silat. Journal of Popula-tion Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology, 29(4), 116–125. https://doi.org/10.47750/jptcp.2022.989
Du, Y., Li, Y., Chen, J., Hao, Y., & Liu, J. (2023). Edge computing-based digital management system of game events in the era of Internet of Things. Journal of Cloud Computing, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13677-023-00419-5
Fachrezzy, F., Maslikah, U., Hermawan, I., Nugroho, H., Jariono, G., & Nurulfa, R. (2021). Kicking ability for the eolgol yoep chagi taekwondo poomsae in terms of quality of physical condition, self-confidence, and comparison of leg muscle explosive power and core stability. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 21, 2337–2342. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2021.s4313
Fuss, F. K., Subic, A., & Ujihashi, S. (2008). The Impact of Technology on Sport II.
Giancoli, D. C. (2016). Physics: Principles with Applications, Global Edition (7th ed.). Pearson Education. www.pearsoned.co.uk
Gontara, S. Y., & Doewes, R. I. (2023). Sebelasmaret Boccia Throw Test (SBTT) Instrument Development. International Journal of Disabilities Sports and Health Sciences, 6(2), 261–267. https://doi.org/10.33438/ijdshs.1286793
Ihsan, N., Hidayat, R., Damrah, D., Neldi, H., Sepriadi, S., & Muslimin, M. (2022). The Contribution of Leg Muscle Explosive Power, Agility, and Self-confidence on Sickle Kick Performance. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 10(4), 683–688. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2022.100408
Ihsan, N., Yulkifli, Hadi, A., Yohandri, Mario, D. T., Ayubi, N., Karacam, A., Németh, Z., & Orhan, B. E. (2024). Sensor-based scoring system for the fighting category in Pencak Silat. Retos, 57, 684–691. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v57.105906
Irawan, R., Yenes, R., Mario, D. T., Komaini, A., García-Fernández, J., Orhan, B. E., & Ayubi, N. (2024). Design of a sensor technology-based hand-eye coordination measuring tool: Validity and reliability. Retos, 56, 966–973. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.103610
Irnawati, I., Dos Santos, M. H., & Rijaluddin, K. (2022). Pengaruh Metode Latihan Skipping dan Hop Jump Terhadap Kecepatan Tendangan Lurus Pada Atlet Pencak Silat Persaudaraan Hidaya Sejati Al Hijrah Bone. Sportify Journal, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.36312/sfj.v2i2.27
Izzo, R., Hosseini, V. C., Materazzo, P., Cejudo, A., & Giovannelli, M. (2022). Dynamic inertial analysis of the technical boxing gesture of Jab. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 22(3), 661–671. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2022.03083
Johnson, B. L., & Nelson, J. K. (1986). Practical Measurements for Evaluation in Physical Education (4th ed.). Collier Mac-millan Publishers.
Kızılcık, H. Ş. (2021). Superman vs momentum. Physics Education, 56(4), 045006. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-6552/abf46f
Menzel, T., & Potthast, W. (2021). Application of a validated innovative smart wearable for performance analysis by experienced and non‐experienced athletes in boxing. Sensors, 21(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/s21237882
Merk, A., & Resnick, A. (2021). Physics of martial arts: Incorporation of angular momentum to model body motion and strikes. PLoS ONE, 16(8 August). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255670
Montoro-Bombú, R., Field, A., Santos, A. C., & Rama, L. (2022). Validity and reliability of the Output sport device for assessing drop jump performance. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2022.1015526
Nugroho, A. (2020). Analisis Penilaian Prestasi Teknik Dalam Pertandingan Pencak Silat. Jorpres (Jurnal Olahraga Prestasi), 16(2), 66–71. https://doi.org/10.21831/jorpres.v16i2.31655
Olaya-Cuartero, J., Plaza-Morales, D., Jimenez-Olmedo, J. M., & Lipinska, P. (2023). Sensor analysis for the assess-ment of biomechanical parameters in endurance runners: a systematic review. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 23(9), 2385–2393. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2023.09274
PERSILAT. (2015). Constitution of The International Pencak Silat Federation. PERSILAT.
Pomatahu, A. R. (2018). The relationship between leg length and crescent kick speed in Pencak Silat sport. Trends in Sport Sciences, 25(2), 85–91. https://doi.org/10.23829/TSS.2018.25.2-4
Qu, H.-R., Qian, D.-X., Xu, S.-S., & Shen, Y.-F. (2024). Validity and test-retest reliability of a resistance training device for Smith machine back squat exercise. IScience, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isci.2023.108582
Rodgers, M. M., & Cavanagh, P. R. (1984). Glossary of Biomechanical Terms, Concepts, and Units. Physical Therapy, 64(12), 1886–1902. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/64.12.1886
Romagnoli, S., Ripanti, F., Morettini, M., Burattini, L., & Sbrollini, A. (2023). Wearable and Portable Devices for Ac-quisition of Cardiac Signals while Practicing Sport: A Scoping Review. Sensors, 23(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/s23063350
Rothbart, H. A., & Brown, T. H. , Jr. (2006). Mechanical Design Handbook Measurement, Analysis, and Control of Dynamic Systems (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill. https://doi.org/10.1036/0071466363
Sinulingga, A., Kasih, I., Hasibuan, S., Daulay, D. E., & Abdullah, N. M. (2023). Unveiling technology’s integral role in pencak silat: A systematic literature review. Journal Sport Area, 9(1), 20–29. https://doi.org/10.25299/sportarea.2024.vol9(1).14700
Sinulingga, A., Pasaribu, A. M. N., Bangun, S. Y., Ningrum, D. T. M., & Mahyudi, Y. V. (2023). Plyometric Exercise and Speed on the Power of Sabit Kick in Pencak Silat. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 11(3), 591–597. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2023.110311
Subekti, N., Syaifullah, R., Fatoni, M., Syaukani, A. A., Warthadi, A. N., & Arni-Rayhan, A. R. (2021). Pencak silat combat match: Time motion analysis in elite athletes championship. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 16(Proc4), S1597–S1608. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.16.Proc4.05
Suwirman, S., Sepriadi, S., Ihsan, N., & Deswandi, D. (2021). Instrument Speed Endurance Test of Pencak Silat Ath-letes. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 9(6), 1447–1452. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2021.090641
Syaifullah, R., & Doewes, R. I. (2020). Pencak silat talent test development. International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 8(6), 361–368. https://doi.org/10.13189/saj.2020.080607
Syaifullah, R., & Maghribi, I. L. (2023). Speed analysis of the Front Kicks technique in 2022 pencak silat world champion athletes: Kinematic analysis. Jurnal SPORTIF : Jurnal Penelitian Pembelajaran, 9(1), 146–159. https://doi.org/10.29407/js_unpgri.v9i1.19983
Taborri, J., Keogh, J., Kos, A., Santuz, A., Umek, A., Urbanczyk, C., van der Kruk, E., & Rossi, S. (2020). Sport bio-mechanics applications using inertial, force, and EMG sensors: A literature overview. Applied Bionics and Biomechanics, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/2041549
Worsey, M., Espinosa, H., Shepherd, J., & Thiel, D. (2019). Inertial Sensors for Performance Analysis in Combat Sports: A Systematic Review. Sports, 7(1), 28. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7010028
Yuki, L. K., Anoegrajekti, N., & Lustyantie, N. (2023). The Value of Local Wisdom of Pencak Silat Maenpo: A Study of Indonesian Matrial Arts La Valeur De La Sagesse Locale De Pencak Silat Maenpo. Migration Letters, 20(8), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.59670/ml.v20i8.5207
Zhang, X., Shan, G., Wang, Y., Wan, B., & Li, H. (2019). Wearables, Biomechanical Feedback, and Human Motor-Skills’ Learning & Optimization. Applied Sciences, 9(2), 226. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9020226
Descargas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2024 Retos
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
