Análise estrutural da atividade física, autoeficácia no desempenho académico e competências de pensamento crítico de crianças do ensino básico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.106989Palavras-chave:
Physical activity, critical thingking, self-efficacy, academic grades, structural equation modellingResumo
A educação básica é essencial para o crescimento das crianças, enfatizando o desenvolvimento de competências de pensamento crítico (PC) para melhorar as notas académicas (AG). A CT, crucial para analisar a informação e tomar decisões eficazes, está alinhada com os objetivos educativos contemporâneos. O AG abrange competências cognitivas vitais para a aprendizagem e adaptação. As conquistas em inteligência moldam o sucesso académico e na vida em geral. O desenvolvimento do PC infantil é influenciado pelas características individuais e pelas Atividades Físicas (AF), essenciais para o crescimento integral. Estudos destacam a melhoria da TC pela AF através do aumento do fluxo sanguíneo cerebral, o que melhora a função cognitiva e a concentração. A PA aumenta indiretamente a AG, melhorando a saúde mental e a concentração. No entanto, as actividades sedentárias predominantes na província de Jacarta sublinham a falta de AF, o que pode afectar tanto a AF como a AG. O ensino primário estabelece as bases para a aquisição de conhecimentos e a TC molda a perspicácia intelectual. O Socioemocional (AE) influencia o desenvolvimento da TC, e uma AE forte promove a resiliência e enriquece a TC. Equilibrar a AF é crucial, pois a actividade moderada melhora a concentração e a saúde mental, enquanto a actividade excessiva pode causar fadiga e stress, o que afecta a aprendizagem. Metodologicamente, este estudo utiliza questionários em escala Likert e modelação de equações estruturais (SEM) para explorar a dinâmica da PA, SE, CT e AG entre crianças da escola primária de Yogyakarta, Indonésia. Os resultados destacam a influência significativa da AF na GA, CT e SE, e a AF modera os efeitos da AF na GA e CT. Conclui-se que a AF desempenha um papel fundamental na GA e CT das crianças, oferecendo informações valiosas sobre o seu desenvolvimento integral. Este estudo fornece uma estrutura para otimizar os resultados da aprendizagem e promover o enriquecimento cognitivo nas crianças.
Palavras-chave: Atividade física, pensamento crítico, autoeficácia, habilitações académicas, modelos de equações estruturais.
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