Un análisis de la influencia de las pausas de actividad física en el fitness de los alumnos de primaria (An analysis of the influence of physical activity break on primary school student fitness)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.102306Palabras clave:
Physical Activity Break, Primary School, Student FitnessResumen
Para evitar problemas con el sedentarismo y la forma física de los alumnos de primaria, es importante evaluar cuánto tiempo pasan sentados mientras estudian en clase. Este estudio tiene como objetivo determinar 1) el impacto de las pausas de actividad física en la aptitud física de los estudiantes de escuela primaria, y 2) la variación en la mejora en la aptitud física de los estudiantes de escuela primaria entre el grupo con intervención de pausas de actividad física y el grupo sin intervención. Se trata de un estudio cuasiexperimental con un diseño de grupo de control Pretest-Postest. Los sujetos del estudio fueron niños de escuela primaria de la Escuela Mezquita Syuhada de Yogyakarta, de edades comprendidas entre 7 y 9 años. Se empleó el método de muestreo aleatorio por conglomerados para elegir la muestra de investigación, con 40 estudiantes como grupo experimental y 40 como grupo de control. Se utilizó una prueba de aptitud física para recopilar datos para esta investigación. La prueba T pareada se empleó en el primer análisis para examinar el efecto de los tratamientos de descanso de actividad física sobre la condición física de los estudiantes. La prueba de Mann-Whitney se empleó en el siguiente análisis de datos para determinar la diferencia en los resultados del aumento entre el grupo experimental y el grupo de control. Los resultados de la prueba T pareada concluyeron que los descansos de actividad física influyeron en las dimensiones de aptitud física que incluyeron las dimensiones de velocidad con un valor de sig 0.0, Agilidad sig 0.001, Potencia de Brazos sig 0.0, Potencia de Piernas sig 0.0 y flexibilidad. sig 0,003. Con base en los resultados de mejora de cada grupo, hubo diferencias entre el grupo experimental y el grupo de control según el valor sig de la prueba de Mann-Whitney. Aumento de la velocidad sig 0,0, la agilidad sig 0,032, la potencia del brazo sig 0,0 y la potencia de las piernas sig 0,02. No existe diferencia en la dimensión de flexibilidad entre el grupo experimental y el grupo control con un valor sig de 0,908. Tamaño del efecto con formulación y criterios de Cohen para el grupo experimental en las dimensiones de velocidad 1.16 (alta), agilidad 0.59 (moderada), flexibilidad -0.51 (muy baja), potencia de brazos 1.55 (alta), potencia de piernas 0.87 (moderada). Debido al buen impacto en las dimensiones de la aptitud física, se pueden incorporar pausas para la actividad física en las escuelas primarias. Hoy en día, las pausas para la actividad física podrían ser una solución a los problemas de falta de condición física y estilo de vida sedentario de los estudiantes.
Palabras clave: pausas de actividad física, escuela primaria, fitness estudiantil
Abstract. To avoid issues with primary school pupils' sedentary lifestyle and fitness, it is important to evaluate how long they sit while studying in class. This study aims to ascertain 1) the impact of physical activity breaks on elementary school students' physical fitness, and 2) the variation in the improvement in physical fitness of elementary school students between the group with physical activity break intervention and the group without intervention. This is a quasi-experimental study with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design. The study's subjects were Yogyakarta Syuhada Mosque School elementary school children aged 7 to 9. The cluster random sampling method was employed to choose the research sample, with 40 students serving as the experimental group and 40 serving as the control group. A physical fitness test was used to collect data for this research. The paired T test was employed in the first analysis to examine the effect of physical activity break treatments on students' fitness. The Mann-Whitney Test was employed in the following data analysis to determine the difference in the outcomes of the rise between the experimental group and the control group. The results of the paired T test concluded that physical activity breaks had an influence on the dimensions of physical fitness which included the dimensions of speed with a value of sig 0.0, Agility sig 0.001, Arm Power sig 0.0, Leg Power sig 0.0, and flexibility sig 0.003. Based on the improvement results of each group, there were differences between the experimental group and the control group based on the Mann-Whitney Test sig value. Increase in speed sig 0.0, agility sig 0.032, arm power sig 0.0, and leg power sig 0.02. There is no difference in the flexibility dimension between the experimental group and the control group with a sig value of 0.908. Effect size with Cohen's formulation and criteria for the experimental group in the dimensions of speed 1.16 (high), agility 0.59 (moderate), flexibility -0.51 (very low), arm power 1.55 (high), leg power 0.87 (moderate). Because of the good impact on the dimensions of physical fitness, physical activity breaks can be incorporated in primary schools. In this day and age, physical activity breaks could be a solution to students' low fitness and sedentary lifestyle issues.
Key words: physical activity break, primary school, student fitness
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