Validade e confiabilidade da avaliação da proficiência motora como instrumento de medição de habilidades motoras fundamentais para crianças de 12 anos na Indonésia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.106612Palavras-chave:
physical education, motor skill, elementary school, assessmentResumo
A pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar a validade e confiabilidade do instrumento de Avaliação de Competência Motora (MCA) para crianças de 12 anos. Os testes de validade e confiabilidade fornecem uma estrutura abrangente para medir objetivamente a competência motora e identificar áreas de intervenção para melhorar o desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras. O estudo incluiu 321 participantes (156 homens e 165 mulheres) de vários ambientes de escolas primárias na Indonésia. A avaliação da competência motora incluiu seis componentes de teste, cada uma das quais foi realizada com dois testes. A validade foi avaliada por meio de análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) e a confiabilidade foi avaliada por meio do alfa de Cronbach, e os dados brutos foram convertidos para uma escala de AFE. Os resultados dos testes Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) e Bartlett e da Medida de Adequação do Museu (MSA) são adequados para a execução da AFE porque testam acima de 0,50. Os padrões para cada item são atendidos no teste das Comunidades para mostrar uma extração de >0,50 para cada item. O instrumento MCA mostrou-se válido porque cada item de teste (variável) está firmemente ligado a um instrumento. O teste de confiabilidade, utilizando o Alfa de Cronbach, mostra que os instrumentos MCA são confiáveis e utilizáveis. O instrumento Avaliação de Competência Motora (MCA) demonstra validade e confiabilidade na mensuração das habilidades motoras. A análise fatorial exploratória (AFE) identifica os principais componentes: habilidades locomotoras e habilidades de manipulação motora e estabilidade. O alfa de Cronbach confirma ainda mais a confiabilidade da MCA. A sua eficácia em diferentes contextos, incluindo a educação física e a reabilitação, apoia intervenções específicas. Compreender o desenvolvimento das habilidades motoras com CAM melhora abordagens personalizadas para os indivíduos, promovendo melhor saúde e desempenho físico.
Palavras-chave: educação física, motricidade, ensino fundamental, avaliação.
Referências
Abdelkarim, O., Ammar, A., Chtourou, H., Wagner, M., Knisel, E., Hökelmann, A., & Bös, K. (2017). Relation-ship between motor and cognitive learning abilities among primary school-aged children. Alexandria Journal of Medicine, 53(4), 325–331. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajme.2016.12.004
Abelairas-Gómez, C., Carballo-Fazanes, A., Rodríguez-Fernández, J. E., Mohedano-Vázquez, N., & Rodríguez-Núñez, A. (2022). Competencia motriz y condición física relacionada con la salud en escolares de Educación Primaria. Retos, 46, 218–226. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v46.93906
Alim, A., Rismayanthi, C., Yulianto, W. D., Kauki, K. M., Shahril, M. I., Permadi, A. A., Pratama, K. W., & Ali, S. K. S. (2024). Content validity and reliability of agility test in wheelchair tennis. Retos, 55, 665–671. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.101929
Balcázar, A., Carballo, N. G., Jaimes, D. A., & Fernando Balcázar, A. (2024). La educación física, el currículo y las expresiones motrices Physical education, the curriculum and motor expressions. Retos, 55, 650–658. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/index
Bolger, L. E., Bolger, L. A., O’Neill, C., Coughlan, E., O’Brien, W., Lacey, S., Burns, C., & Bardid, F. (2021a). Global levels of fundamental motor skills in children: A systematic review. In Journal of Sports Sciences (Vol. 39, Issue 7, pp. 717–753). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1841405
Bolger, L. E., Bolger, L. A., O’Neill, C., Coughlan, E., O’Brien, W., Lacey, S., Burns, C., & Bardid, F. (2021b). Global levels of fundamental motor skills in children: A systematic review. In Journal of Sports Sciences (Vol. 39, Issue 7, pp. 717–753). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1841405
Bremer, E., & Cairney, J. (2018). Fundamental Movement Skills and Health-Related Outcomes: A Narrative Re-view of Longitudinal and Intervention Studies Targeting Typically Developing Children. In American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine (Vol. 12, Issue 2, pp. 148–159). SAGE Publications Inc. https://doi.org/10.1177/1559827616640196
Bukvić, Z., Ćirović, D., & Nikolić, D. (2021). The importance of physical activity for the development of motor skills of younger school age children. Medicinski Podmladak, 72(2), 34–39. https://doi.org/10.5937/mp72-31878
Cancer, A., Minoliti, R., Crepaldi, M., & Antonietti, A. (2020). Identifying developmental motor difficulties: A review of tests to assess motor coordination in children. In Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (Vol. 5, Issue 1). MDPI Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk5010016
Canli, U., Kurt, C., & Prieto-González, P. (2024). Exploring the Relationship Between Motor Competence and Physical Performance in Preschool Children: A Cross-Sectional Study. Retos, 55, 635–641. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/article/view/104197/77356
Chen, W., Mason, S., Hammond-Bennett, A., & Zalmout, S. (2016). Manipulative skill competency and health-related physical fitness in elementary school students. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 5(4), 491–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2015.03.007
Cristian, Oñate-Navarrete, J., Batalla-Flores, A., Del Carmen Páez-Herrera, J., & Oñate-Navarrete, C. J. (2023). Valoración a las habilidades motrices otorgada por el profesorado de Educación Física Chileno para el correcto desempeño de los estudiantes que inician la Enseñanza Secundaria Chilena. Retos, 49, 427–434. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.94319
De Roubaix, A., Van de Velde, D., Roeyers, H., & Van Waelvelde, H. (2021). Standardized motor assessments before the age of five predicting school-aged motor outcome including DCD: A systematic review. In European Journal of Paediatric Neurology (Vol. 30, pp. 29–57). W.B. Saunders Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpn.2020.12.003
Deliagina, T. G., Musienko, P. E., & Zelenin, P. V. (2019). Nervous mechanisms of locomotion in different direc-tions. In Current Opinion in Physiology (Vol. 8, pp. 7–13). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cophys.2018.11.010
Diedrichsen, J., & Kornysheva, K. (2015). Motor skill learning between selection and execution. In Trends in Cog-nitive Sciences (Vol. 19, Issue 4, pp. 227–233). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2015.02.003
Duncan, M. J., Roscoe, C. M. P., Noon, M., Clark, C. C. T., O’Brien, W., & Eyre, E. L. J. (2020). Run, jump, throw and catch: How proficient are children attending English schools at the fundamental motor skills identi-fied as key within the school curriculum? European Physical Education Review, 26(4), 814–826. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X19888953
Gao, Z., Wen, X., Fu, Y., Lee, J. E., & Zeng, N. (2021). Motor Skill Competence Matters in Promoting Physical Activity and Health. In BioMed Research International (Vol. 2021). Hindawi Limited. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9786368
Grošelj, J., Osredkar, D., Sember, V., & Pajek, M. (2019). Association between balance and other fundamental. Medicina Dello Sport, 72(2), 200–215.
Han, X., Zhao, M., Kong, Z., & Xie, J. (2022). Association between fundamental motor skills and executive func-tion in preschool children: A cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.978994
Herrmann, C., Gerlach, E., & Seelig, H. (2015). Development and Validation of a Test Instrument for the As-sessment of Basic Motor Competencies in Primary School. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, 19(2), 80–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2014.998821
Hill, P. J., Mcnarry, M. A., Mackintosh, K. A., Murray, M. A., Pesce, C., Valentini, N. C., Getchell, N., Tomporowski, P. D., Robinson, L. E., & Barnett, L. M. (2024). The Influence of Motor Competence on Broader Aspects of Health: A Systematic Review of the Longitudinal Associations Between Motor Competence and Cognitive and Social-Emotional Outcomes. In Sports Medicine (Vol. 54, Issue 2, pp. 375–427). Springer Sci-ence and Business Media Deutschland GmbH. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01939-5
Hulteen, R. M., Barnett, L. M., True, L., Lander, N. J., del Pozo Cruz, B., & Lonsdale, C. (2020a). Validity and reliability evidence for motor competence assessments in children and adolescents: A systematic review. In Journal of Sports Sciences (pp. 1717–1798). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1756674
Hulteen, R. M., Barnett, L. M., True, L., Lander, N. J., del Pozo Cruz, B., & Lonsdale, C. (2020b). Validity and reliability evidence for motor competence assessments in children and adolescents: A systematic review. In Journal of Sports Sciences (pp. 1717–1798). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1756674
Hulteen, R. M., Morgan, P. J., Barnett, L. M., Stodden, D. F., & Lubans, D. R. (2018). Development of Founda-tional Movement Skills: A Conceptual Model for Physical Activity Across the Lifespan. Sports Medicine, 48(7), 1533–1540. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-0892-6
Hyungmin, P., & Simons, J. (2012). Basic and perceptual movement skills The relation between basic movement skills and perceptual-motor skills in 5 to 7 years old children. European Psychomotricity Journal, 4, 57–65.
Jones, D., Innerd, A., Giles, E. L., & Azevedo, L. B. (2020). Association between fundamental motor skills and physical activity in the early years: A systematic review and meta-analysis. In Journal of Sport and Health Science (Vol. 9, Issue 6, pp. 542–552). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2020.03.001
Jovanović, S., Marković, S., & Ilić, N. (2020). Relationships of Motor Abilities and Precision of Shooting in Hand-ball. Спортске Науке и Здравље - АПЕИРОН, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.7251/ssh2001060j
Kennedy, J., Brown, T., & Chien, C. W. (2012). Motor Skill assessment of children: Is there an association be-tween performance-based, child-report, and parent-report measures of children’s motor skills? In Physical and Occupational Therapy in Pediatrics (Vol. 32, Issue 2, pp. 196–209). https://doi.org/10.3109/01942638.2011.631101
Komaini, A., Hidayat, H., Ganefri, Alnedra, Kiram, Y., Gusril, & Mario, D. T. (2021). Motor Learning Measuring Tools: A Design And Implementation Using Sensor Technology For Preschool Education. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 15(17), 177–191. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v15i17.25321
Komari, A., Setyawan, H., Setyo Kriswanto, E., Vicente García-Jiménez, J., Pavlovic, R., Magdalena Nowak, A., Susanto, N., Wibowo Kurniawan, A., Aziz Purnomo Shidiq, A., & Malikul Ikhwanda Putra, A. (2024). The Ef-fect of Physical Education (PE) Class Management Using Badminton Materials to Improve Elementary School (ES) Students’ Concentration El Efecto de la Gestión de la Clase de Educación Física (EF) Utilizando Materiales de Bádminton Para Mejorar la Concentración de los Estudiantes de la Escuela Primaria (ES). Retos, 55, 520–526. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/index
Krakauer, J. W., Hadjiosif, A. M., Xu, J., Wong, A. L., & Haith, A. M. (2019). Motor learning. Comprehensive Physiology, 9(2), 613–663. https://doi.org/10.1002/cphy.c170043
Li, B., Liu, J., & Ying, B. (2022). Physical education interventions improve the fundamental movement skills in kindergarten: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Food Science and Technology (Brazil), 42. https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.46721
Logan, S. W., Robinson, L. E., Wilson, A. E., & Lucas, W. A. (2012). Getting the fundamentals of movement: A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of motor skill interventions in children. In Child: Care, Health and Development (Vol. 38, Issue 3, pp. 305–315). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2011.01307.x
Logan, S. W., Ross, S. M., Chee, K., Stodden, D. F., & Robinson, L. E. (2018). Fundamental motor skills: A sys-tematic review of terminology. In Journal of Sports Sciences (Vol. 36, Issue 7, pp. 781–796). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2017.1340660
Lopes, V. P., Saraiva, L., & Rodrigues, L. P. (2018). Reliability and construct validity of the test of gross motor development-2 in Portuguese children. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 16(3), 250–260. https://doi.org/10.1080/1612197X.2016.1226923
Lubans, D. R., Morgan, P. J., Cliff, D. P., Barnett, L. M., & Okely, A. D. (2010). Fundamental Movement Skills in Children and Adolescents Review of Associated Health Benefits. Sports Med, 40(12), 1019–1035.
Luz, C., Rodrigues, L. P., Almeida, G., & Cordovil, R. (2016). Development and validation of a model of motor competence in children and adolescents. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 19(7), 568–572. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2015.07.005
Machts, N., Kaiser, J., Schmidt, F. T. C., & Möller, J. (2016). Accuracy of teachers’ judgments of students’ cogni-tive abilities: A meta-analysis. In Educational Research Review (Vol. 19, pp. 85–103). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2016.06.003
Makaruk, H., Porter, J. M., Webster, E. K., Makaruk, B., Bodasińska, A., Zieliński, J., Tomaszewski, P., Nogal, M., Szyszka, P., Starzak, M., Śliwa, M., Banaś, M., Biegajło, M., Chaliburda, A., Gierczuk, D., Suchecki, B., Molik, B., & Sadowski, J. (2023). The fus test: a promising tool for evaluating fundamental motor skills in chil-dren and adolescents. BMC Public Health, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-16843-w
Mardiyah, S. U. K., Setyawan, H., García-Jiménez, J. V., Eken, Ö., Latino, F., Pramoto, N. W., Darmawan, A., Shidiq, A. A. P., Rahmatullah, M. I., Tafuri, F., & Anam, K. (2024). Differences in the Implementation of Physical Education (PE) Learning Management Based on Years of Work: Analysis of Differences in the Quality of Quality Assurance Culture. Retos, 55, 797–803. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/article/view/104865/77970
Radanović, D., Ðorđević, D., Stanković, M., Pekas, D., Bogataj, Š., & Trajkovic, N. (2021). Test of motor profi-ciency second edition (Bot-2) short form: A systematic review of studies conducted in healthy children. In Chil-dren (Vol. 8, Issue 9). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/CHILDREN8090787
Rodrigues, L. P., Cordovil, R., Luz, C., & Lopes, V. P. (2021). Model invariance of the Motor Competence As-sessment (MCA) from early childhood to young adulthood. Journal of Sports Sciences, 39(20), 2353–2360. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2021.1932290
Rodrigues, L. P., Luz, C., Cordovil, R., Bezerra, P., Silva, B., Camões, M., & Lima, R. (2019). Normative values of the motor competence assessment (MCA) from 3 to 23 years of age. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 22(9), 1038–1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.05.009
Rudd, J. R., Barnett, L. M., Butson, M. L., Farrow, D., Berry, J., & Polman, R. C. J. (2015). Fundamental movement skills are more than run, throw and catch: The role of stability skills. PLoS ONE, 10(10). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140224
Samodra, Y. T. J., Yosika, G. F., Gustian, U., Mashud, M., Arifin, S., Suryadi, D., Wati, I. D. P., Syam, A., Can-dra, A. R. D., Wati, M. G., & Candra, A. T. (2024). Are boys and girls in rural areas equal in terms of gross motor skills? Retos, 54, 94–99. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/article/view/103005/76623
Scheuer, C., Herrmann, C., & Bund, A. (2019). Motor tests for primary school aged children: A systematic re-view. Journal of Sports Sciences, 37(10), 1097–1112. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2018.1544535
Šeflová, I., Vašíčkova, J., Kalfiřt, L., & Suchomel, A. (2022). Current Approaches to Motor Competence Assess-ment in School-Age Children. Physical Activity Review, 10(2), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.16926/par.2022.10.20
Simone, L., Viganò, L., Fornia, L., Howells, H., Leonetti, A., Puglisi, G., Bellacicca, A., Bello, L., & Cerri, G. (2021). Distinct functional and structural connectivity of the human hand-knob supported by intraoperative findings. Journal of Neuroscience, 41(19), 4223–4233. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1574-20.2021
Sutapa, P., Pratama, K. W., Rosly, M. M., Ali, S. K. S., & Karakauki, M. (2021a). Improving motor skills in early childhood through goal-oriented play activity. Children, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/children8110994
Sutapa, P., Pratama, K. W., Rosly, M. M., Ali, S. K. S., & Karakauki, M. (2021b). Improving motor skills in early childhood through goal-oriented play activity. Children, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/children8110994
Taufik, T., Winarno, M. E., Hariadi, I., Yudasmara, D. S., & Fadhli, N. R. (2024). Exploring the validity and reli-ability of Active Motor Card: A Comprehensive Assessment of Gross Motor Development and Physical Fitness in Children Aged 6-9 Years. Retos, 54, 100–105. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.102813
Tsuda, E., Goodway, J. D., Famelia, R., & Brian, A. (2020). Relationship Between Fundamental Motor Skill Com-petence, Perceived Physical Competence and Free-Play Physical Activity in Children. Research Quarterly for Exer-cise and Sport, 91(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2019.1646851
Valdivia-Moral, P., Fernández-Revelles, A. B., Muros-Molina, J. J., & Chacón-Cuberos, R. (2018). Effectiveness indices evaluating time in physical education: Example in Motor Games. Supplementary Issue: Spring Conferences of Sports Science, 529–540. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2018.13.proc2.36
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Secção
Licença
Direitos de Autor (c) 2024 Retos
Este trabalho encontra-se publicado com a Licença Internacional Creative Commons Atribuição-NãoComercial-SemDerivações 4.0.
Autores que publicam nesta revista concordam com os seguintes termos:
- Autores mantém os direitos autorais e assegurar a revista o direito de ser a primeira publicação da obra como licenciado sob a Licença Creative Commons Attribution que permite que outros para compartilhar o trabalho com o crédito de autoria do trabalho e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- Os autores podem estabelecer acordos adicionais separados para a distribuição não-exclusiva da versão do trabalho publicado na revista (por exemplo, a um repositório institucional, ou publicá-lo em um livro), com reconhecimento de autoria e publicação inicial nesta revista.
- É permitido e os autores são incentivados a divulgar o seu trabalho por via electrónica (por exemplo, em repositórios institucionais ou no seu próprio site), antes e durante o processo de envio, pois pode gerar alterações produtivas, bem como a uma intimação mais Cedo e mais do trabalho publicado (Veja O Efeito do Acesso Livre) (em Inglês).
Esta revista é a "política de acesso aberto" de Boai (1), apoiando os direitos dos usuários de "ler, baixar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, pesquisar, ou link para os textos completos dos artigos". (1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
