Perspectivas jurídicas y sociales del fenómeno de la violencia de los hinchas en el deporte (Legal and social perspectives on the phenomena of supporter violence in sport)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.108804Palabras clave:
Keywords: perspective, law, social, violence, supporter, sportResumen
El estudio tiene como objetivo examinar las perspectivas legales y sociales de la violencia de los hinchas en el deporte utilizando el método de revisión sistemática de la literatura. Datos obtenidos de los resultados de búsqueda a través de google scholar con un enfoque en las revistas indexadas de las bases de datos Scopus publicadas en 2019-2024. La palabra clave utilizada es; «Legal AND Social AND Supporter Violence AND Sport». En base a los resultados de la búsqueda se encontraron 63.300 artículos de diversas fuentes. Además, en varias etapas del proceso de selección, se seleccionaron 10 artículos que se ajustaban al tema y cumplían con los requisitos de inclusión. Para la operacionalización estándar, esta investigación sigue el método PRISMA. Los resultados de este estudio revelaron que la prevención de la violencia de los hinchas requiere un enfoque holístico e integrado. Unos marcos jurídicos estrictos y una aplicación coherente de la ley son esenciales para controlar los comportamientos violentos, pero también se necesitan cambios en la cultura organizativa y disposiciones estructurales dentro de las organizaciones deportivas para inculcar una cultura antiviolencia. Las normas culturales y las dinámicas de grupo de apoyo también desempeñan un papel a la hora de frenar la violencia, lo que demuestra la necesidad de un enfoque basado en la comunidad que implique a los aficionados en las estrategias de prevención. Factores psicológicos como las características de la personalidad, la empatía y el materialismo también influyen significativamente a la hora de determinar el comportamiento agresivo de los hinchas. Un enfoque eficaz requiere la integración de diversos aspectos, como los jurídicos, sociales, psicológicos y organizativos, así como la ampliación de la gobernanza colaborativa para aumentar la eficacia de las intervenciones. En el diseño de políticas integrales, es importante integrar perspectivas de diferentes disciplinas e implicar a los hinchas en el proceso de toma de decisiones, al tiempo que se presta atención a la rendición de cuentas y al profundo impacto psicológico para crear un entorno seguro y reducir significativamente la violencia de los hinchas.
Palabras clave: perspectiva, derecho, social, violencia, hincha, deporte
Abstract. This study examines the legal and social perspectives of supporter violence in sports. The study employed a systematic literature review, gathering articles from Google Scholar based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. For example, the search focused on articles published in journals indexed by Scopus databases. In addition, the articles must be published between 2019 and 2024. The keywords used were; "Legal AND Social AND Supporter Violence AND Sport". The search then obtained 61.700 articles. Furthermore, these articles were screened in several stages, yielding 10 articles that met the theme and fulfilled the inclusion requirements. During the article selection, this research followed the PRISMA method. The results revealed that the prevention of supporter violence requires a holistic and integrated approach. Controlling supporters' violent behavior needs not only strict legal frameworks and consistent law enforcement but also organizational culture changes and structural arrangements within sports organizations to instill a culture of anti-violence. Cultural norms and supportive group dynamics also play a role in mitigating violence, showing the need for a community-based approach involving supporters as a part of prevention strategies. This study also found psychological factors such as personality characteristics, empathy, and materialism to be significant factors determining supporters' aggressive behavior. Thus, an effective approach needs to integrate various aspects, including legal, social, psychological, and organizational. Additionally, collaborative governance should be expanded to increase the effectiveness of interventions. In designing comprehensive policies, it is important to integrate perspectives from different disciplines and involve supporters while paying attention to accountability and the deep psychological impact to create a safe environment and significantly reduce supporter violence.
Keywords: perspective, law, social, violence, supporter, sport
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