Relación entre la testosterona y el cortisol con las características antropométricas en futbolistas profesionales masculinos (Relationship between testosterone and cortisol with anthropometric characteristics in professional male soccer players)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.107144Palabras clave:
Keywords: Testosterone; cortisol; professional soccer players; performance; physical fitnessResumen
Se ha demostrado que el entrenamiento de pretemporada modifica la condición física y los niveles hormonales en futbolistas profesionales. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar las relaciones entre testosterona y cortisol con las características antropométricas en un equipo de fútbol profesional masculino después de un período de pretemporada. Catorce jugadores profesionales voluntarios de fútbol masculino participaron en este estudio. Se encontraron disminuciones significativas en las características antropométricas. Para medidas bioquímicas, cortisol (13) =-5.25, p=.001, d=-.27), testosterona (t (13) =-8.10, p=.001, d=-.65) y relación C/T (t (13) =-4.07, p=.001, d =-0.2) aumentó significativamente después del período de pretemporada. Además, se observaron relaciones negativas moderadas entre el porcentaje de cambio de peso corporal, r=0,61, p=0,01, el porcentaje de grasa corporal, r=0,53, p=0,04 y la testosterona. El presente estudio reveló que las mejoras en la composición corporal después de un entrenamiento intenso en el período de pretemporada podrían estimular actividades anabólicas como el aumento de la masa muscular, lo que es un resultado importante en términos de calidad del rendimiento y prevención del riesgo de lesiones, especialmente a lo largo de la temporada de fútbol competitivo. La testosterona y el cortisol deben considerarse para futuras investigaciones como indicadores del estado de estrés y recuperación. De hecho, el personal de fútbol profesional puede usar estos parámetros en combinación con otros indicadores para optimizar las cargas de trabajo y evitar el exceso de trabajo y el sobre-entrenamiento.
Palabras clave: Testosterona; cortisol, jugadores de fútbol profesional; rendimiento; condición física
Abstract. Pre-season training has been demonstrated to modify the physical fitness and hormone levels in professional soccer players. The present study aimed to analyze the relationships between testosterone and cortisol with anthropometric characteristics in a professional male soccer team after the pre-season period. Fourteen volunteer professional male soccer players participated in this study. Significant decreases in anthropometric characteristics were found. For biochemical measures, cortisol (13) =-5.25, p=.001, d=-.27), testosterone (t (13) =-8.10, p=.001, d=-.65) and C/T ratio (t (13) =-4.07, p=.001, d =-0.2) significantly increased after the pre-season period. Moreover, moderate negative relationships were observed between the percentage of change in body weight, r=0.61, p=.01, body fat percentage, r=.53, p=.04, and testosterone. The present study revealed that the improvements in body composition after intense training in the pre-season period could stimulate anabolic activities such as increases in muscle mass, which is an important result in terms of quality of performance and prevention of injury risk, especially throughout the competitive soccer season. Testosterone and cortisol should be considered for future research as stress and recovery state indicators. In fact, professional soccer staff can use these parameters in combination with other indicators to optimize workloads and avoid overreaching and overtraining.
Keywords: Testosterone; cortisol; professional soccer players; performance; physical fitness
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