Análisis estructural de la actividad física, la autoeficacia en el rendimiento académico y las habilidades de pensamiento crítico de niños de escuela primaria ( Structural analysis of physical activity, self-efficacy on academic achievement, and critical thinking abilities of elementary school children)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.106989Palabras clave:
Physical activity, critical thingking, self-efficacy, academic grades, structural equation modellingResumen
La educación básica es fundamental para el crecimiento de los niños, enfatizando el desarrollo de habilidades de pensamiento crítico (CT) para mejorar las calificaciones académicas (AG). La CT, crucial para analizar información y tomar decisiones efectivas, se alinea con los objetivos educativos contemporáneos. AG abarca habilidades cognitivas vitales para el aprendizaje y la adaptación. Los logros en inteligencia dan forma al éxito académico y en la vida en general. El desarrollo del CT de los niños está influenciado por los rasgos individuales y las Actividades Físicas (AF), esenciales para el crecimiento integral. Los estudios destacan la mejora de la TC por parte de la PA a través del aumento del flujo sanguíneo cerebral, lo que mejora la función cognitiva y la concentración. La PA aumenta indirectamente el AG al mejorar la salud mental y la concentración. Sin embargo, las actividades sedentarias predominantes en la provincia de Yakarta subrayan una falta de AF, lo que podría afectar tanto a la AP como a la AG. La educación primaria sienta las bases para la adquisición de conocimientos, y la CT da forma a la perspicacia intelectual. Lo socioemocional (SE) influye en el desarrollo de la CT, y una SE sólida fomenta la resiliencia y enriquece la CT. Equilibrar la AF es crucial, ya que la actividad moderada mejora la concentración y la salud mental, mientras que la actividad excesiva puede provocar fatiga y estrés, lo que afecta el aprendizaje. Metodológicamente, este estudio utiliza cuestionarios de escala Likert y modelos de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM) para explorar la dinámica de PA, SE, CT y AG entre niños de escuela primaria en Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Los resultados resaltan la influencia significativa de la PA en AG, CT y SE, y la SE modera los efectos de la PA sobre AG y CT. En conclusión, la AF desempeña un papel fundamental en la AG y la CT de los niños, ofreciendo información valiosa sobre su desarrollo integral. Este estudio proporciona un marco para optimizar los resultados del aprendizaje y fomentar el enriquecimiento cognitivo en los niños.
Palabras clave: Actividad física, pensamiento crítico, autoeficacia, calificaciones académicas, modelos de ecuaciones estructurales.
Abstract. (CT), along with the moderating role of Self-Efficacy (SE) in this relationship. Methods: Data collection was carried out through statistical analysis of test and survey results given to research participants. Results: The results of the analysis indicate that physical activity has a significant influence on AG and CT at the 95% confidence level, which is strengthened by the P value and t statistic which exceed the significance threshold. In addition, Self-Efficacy was also proven to have a significant role in linking physical activity with AG and CT. The implications of this research show the urgency of promoting physical activity as an element of improving academic performance and critical thinking abilities, with a special focus on strengthening self-efficacy. Conclusion: The conclusions of this research can be a guide for policymakers, educators and other stakeholders in designing comprehensive and sustainable education strategies.
Keywords: Physical activity, critical thingking, self-efficacy, academic grades, structural equation modelling.
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