Variables antropométricas, maduración somática y flujo espiratorio: determinantes de la masa libre de grasa en jóvenes nadadores (Anthropometric variables, somatic maturation and expiratory flow: determinants of fat-free mass in young swimmers)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v37i37.72566Keywords:
Maduración biológica, antropometría, flujo espiratorio, nadadores (Biological maturation, anthropometry, expiratory flow, swimmers)Abstract
Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron: a) analizar la relación entre las variables antropométricas, edad cronológica, maduración somática y flujo espiratorio máximo con la Masa libre de grasa (MLG) de jóvenes nadadores y b) proponer ecuaciones de regresión que permitan predecir la MLG de nadadores por edad biológica y sexo. Se estudió a 36 nadadores (21 hombres y 15 mujeres) entre los 10.0 a 16.9 años, de la selección de Natación del Maule (Chile). Se evaluó el peso, estatura, estatura sentada, longitud del antebrazo, circunferencia de la pantorrilla y el Flujo espiratorio Máximo (FEM). Se calculó la edad cronológica y edad biológica por antropometría. Se obtuvo los valores de la composición corporal (MLG, Masa ósea y masa grasa) por medio de la Absorciometría dual de rayos X (DXA). La MLG se relacionó con la edad cronológica (R2= 0.46), biológica (R2= 0.69), Peso (R2= 0.86), estatura (R2= 0.77), estatura sentada (R2= 0.66) longitud del antebrazo (R2= 0.69), circunferencia del brazo derecho (R2= 0.55) y FEM (R2= 0.69). Se generaron cuatro ecuaciones de regresión para cada sexo las que evidenciaron un R2 Ajustado entre 86 a 90% en hombres y en mujeres entre 95 a 97%. La edad biológica, la longitud del antebrazo, la circunferencia de la pantorrilla y el FEM son excelentes predictores de la MLG. Las ecuaciones generadas sirven para controlar, diagnosticar, monitorizar la MLG de los jóvenes nadadores por edad biológica y sexo.
Abstract. The objectives of this work were: a) to analyze the relationship between anthropometric variables, chronological age, somatic maturation and maximum expiratory flow with Fat Free Mass (MLG) of young swimmers and b) propose regression equations that allow to predict MLG of swimmers by biological age and sex. We studied 36 swimmers (21 men and 15 women) between 10.0 and 16.9 years old, from the selection of Maule Swimming (Chile). Weight, height, sitting height, forearm length, calf circumference and Maximum Expiratory Flow (FEM) were evaluated. Chronological age and biological age were calculated by anthropometry. The values of body composition (MLG, Bone Mass and fat mass) were obtained by means of Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). MLG was related to chronological age (R2 = 0.46), biological age (R2 = 0.69), weight (R2 = 0.86), height (R2 = 0.77), sitting height (R2 = 0.66) forearm length (R2 = 0.69), circumference of the right arm (R2 = 0.55) and FEM (R2 = 0.69). Four regression equations were generated for each sex, which showed an adjusted R2 between 86% and 90% in men, and in women between 95% and 97%. The biological age, the length of the forearm, the circumference of the calf and the FEM are excellent predictors of MLG. The generated equations serve to control, diagnose, and monitor the MLG of young swimmers by biological age and sex.
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