Predicción de la motivación en los estadios de cambio de ejercicio más activos (Prediction of motivation in the more active stages of exercise change)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i30.40619Keywords:
Autodeterminación, necesidades psicológicas básicas, acción, mantenimiento, educación física (Self-determination, basic psychological needs, action, maintenance, physical education)Abstract
El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer qué variables motivacionales pertenecientes a la Teoría de la Autodeterminación eran predictoras de las etapas de cambio de ejercicio más activas (Acción y Mantenimiento). El marco teórico empleado fue la Teoría de la Autodeterminación y el Modelo Transteórico. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 187 estudiantes de educación física con una edad media de 15.5 años (DT = 1.70). Se administraron los siguientes cuestionarios: la Escala del Locus Percibido De Causalidad en Educación Física (PLOC Scale), la Escala de medición de las necesidades psicológicas básicas (BPNES) y el cuestionario de etapas de cambio para el ejercicio físico (URICA-E2). Posteriormente, se realizó un análisis descriptivo y los análisis de regresión correspondientes. Los resultados mostraron que la etapa del cambio del ejercicio físico de acción fue predicha por la necesidad psicológica básica de autonomía y la etapa del cambio del ejercicio físico de mantenimiento fue predicha por la necesidad psicológica básica de competencia, ambas de forma positiva y significativa. Será relevante, fomentar la satisfacción de las necesidades psicológicas básicas de competencia y autonomía con objeto de aumentar la práctica regular de ejercicio físico.
Abstract. The aim of this study was to determine what motivational variables belonging to the Self-Determination Theory were predictors of more active stages of exercise change (Action and Maintenance). We used the Self-Determination Theory and the Transtheoretical Model as theoretical framework. The sample consisted of 187 physical education students with an average age of 15.5 years (SD = 1.70). The following questionnaires were administered: the Scale of Perceived Locus of causality in Physical Education (PLOC Scale), the measurement range of the basic psychological needs (BPNES) and the questionnaire about the stages of change for physical exercise (URICA-E2). Subsequently, a descriptive analysis and regression analysis were performed. The results showed that the action state of exercise change was predicted by the basic psychological need of autonomy and the maintenance state of exercise change was predicted by the basic psychological need of competence, both positively and significantly. Promoting the satisfaction of basic psychological needs of competence and autonomy will be relevant in order to increase regular physical exercise practice.
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