Valoración del alumnado y profesorado del material convencional y auto-construido: estudio longitudinal de diseño cruzado en Educación Deportiva (Students and teachers assessment of conventional and self-made material: longitudinal crossover study in Phys
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i30.35725Keywords:
Educación Deportiva, material autoconstruido, educación física, educación primaria (Sport Education, self-made material, physical education, primary education)Abstract
En la actualidad, el modelo de Educación Deportiva destaca entre los enfoques de enseñanza centrados en el alumnado y con mayor impacto en los profesionales de la educación física. Los beneficios de su hibridación con el enfoque basado en la autoconstrucción de materiales no han sido aún explorados ni de manera longitudinal ni en Educación Primaria. El objetivo fue conocer y comparar la valoración de los docentes y su alumnado del uso de dos tipos de material (convencional y autoconstruido) durante dos temporadas consecutivas de Educación Deportiva. Participaron un total de 51 estudiantes de 3º y 4º de educación primaria y sus dos maestros de educación física. Se realizó un diseño cruzado simple cuasi-experimental de grupos aleatorios y muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, en el que los dos niveles de la variable independiente (material convencional y autoconstruido) se aplicaron a los dos cursos participantes. Para la recogida de datos se utilizaron los diarios del docente así como entrevistas grupales a los estudiantes y entrevistas individuales a los docentes, antes y después de la implementación de cada unidad didáctica: ultimate e indiacas. Los datos fueron analizados por medio de comparaciones constantes. Los resultados indican un alto entusiasmo del alumnado durante ambas unidades, aunque muestran una inercia metodológica favorable al material autoconstruido según el orden del tipo de material utilizado. Además, se encontró que el material autoconstruido fomenta la actividad física extraescolar. Futuras investigaciones deberán analizar el nivel de actividad física en la educación física y en el período extraescolar dependiendo del material utilizado.Abstract. Currently, the Sport Education model stands out among the teaching approaches centered on the students and having a higher impact on the Physical Education teachers. The benefits of the hybridization based on self-made materials have not been studied either longitudinally or in Primary Education. The objective was to know and to compare the assessment of teachers and their students regarding the use of two types of materials (conventional and self-made) during two consecutive Sport Education seasons. A total of 51 students enrolled in grades 3 and 4 of Primary Education and their two Physical Education teachers took part in the experience. We used a quasi-experimental simple crossover design with randomized groups and non-probabilistic convenience sampling, in which the two levels of the independent variable (conventional and self-made materials) were applied in the two grade levels participating in the study. Data were collected by means of teacher diaries, group interviews with the students and individual interviews with the teachers, before and after implementation of each of the following didactic units: «ultimate» and «indiacas». Data collection was performed using constant comparisons. The results showed a high level of students’ enthusiasm during both didactic units, although the data analyzed indicated a methodological inertia to the self-made material, according to the order type of the used material. Besides, it was found that the self-made material encourages participation in extracurricular physical activities. Further studies are required to analyze physical activity levels in and outside the Physical Education setting as a function of the material used.
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