Influence of age on motor coordination and anthropometric variables in people with Down syndrome
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v62.109699Keywords:
Down syndrome, Age, Motor coordination, Overweight, ObesityAbstract
Objective: To evaluate motor coordination and anthropometric variables according to age in individuals with Down syndrome (DS). Methods: A total of 19 individuals with DS, aged between 5 and 39 years, were included in the study. They were divided into three age groups: G1 (5-9 years), G2 (10-20 years), and G3 (21 years and older). Motor coordination was assessed using the KTK test, and anthropometric variables such as weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were recorded. Results: A significant increase in weight, height, and BMI with age was observed (p=0.001). Excess weight (EW) was predominant in groups G1 and G3, reaching 100% in the latter. Motor coordination deficits were observed across all groups, with G1 showing the best results (d>0.80). A significant inverse correlation was identified between motor quotient and age (r=-0.59, p=0.08). Conclusion: Individuals with DS aged 5-9 years and those over 21 years present a higher risk of EW, while those aged 10-20 years tend to have a normal weight. Motor coordination decreases with age, being better in the youngest group.
References
Agulló, I. R., & González, B. M. (2006). Factores que influyen en el desarrollo motor de los niños con síndrome de Down. Revista Médica Internacional sobre el Síndrome de Down, 10(2), 18–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1138-2074(06)70045-8
Alarcón, A. & Salcedo, C. (2012). Trastornos ortopédicos en niños con síndrome de Down. Rev Esp Pediatr, 68, 424-428. http://www.centrodocumentaciondown.com/uploads/documentos/2384e00b32198d2e0f9568821fed65573affc4c2.pdf
Alarcón-Vásquez, D., & Padilla-Sepúlveda, V. (2017). Uso del test KTK como instrumento de evaluación de la coordinación motora gruesa entre los 6 y 11 años de edad en hombres y mujeres. Revista Ciencias de la Actividad Física, 18(1), 43–52.
Alesi, M., Battaglia, G., Pepi, A., Bianco, A., & Palma, A. (2018). Gross motor proficiency and intellectual functioning: A comparison among children with Down syndrome, children with borderline intellectual functioning, and typically developing children. Medicine, 97(41), e12737. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000012737
Alesi, M., Giustino, V., Gentile, A., Gómez-López, M., & Battaglia, G. (2022). Motor Coordination and Global Development in Subjects with Down Syndrome: The Influence of Physical Activity. Journal of clinical medicine, 11(17), 5031. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11175031
Antonarakis, S. E., Lyle, R., Dermitzakis, E. T., Reymond, A., & Deutsch, S. (2004). Chromosome 21 and Down syndrome: From genomics to pathophysiology. Nature Reviews Genetics, 5(10), 725–738. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrg1448
Baladron, J., Vitay, J., Fietzek, T., & Hamker, F. H. (2023). The contribution of the basal ganglia and cerebellum to motor learning: A neuro-computational approach. PLOS Computational Biology, 19(4). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1011024
Barros, N. P., Araújo, D. de S., Lima, E. B. de, Carvalho, I. P. de, Lima, S. da S., & Costa, L. G. T. (2020). Efectos de canoa en las habilidades motoras de niños y adolescentes com síndrome de down. Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte, 26, 302–306. https://doi.org/10.1590/1517-869220202604220312
Beerse, M., & Wu, J. (2018). Vertical stiffness and balance control of two-legged hopping in-place in children with and without Down syndrome. Gait & Posture, 63, 39-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.04.026
Bertapelli, F., Pitetti, K., Agiovlasitis, S., & Guerra-Júnior, G. (2016). Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents with Down syndrome—Prevalence, determinants, consequences, and interventions: A literature review. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 57, 181-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2016.06.018
Blanco-Montaño, A., Ramos-Arenas, M., Yerena-Echevarría, B. A., Miranda-Santizo, L. D., Ríos-Celis, A. L., Dorantes-Gómez, A. T., Morato-Rangel, A. J., Meza-Hernández, J. A., Acosta-Saldívar, E. D., Aguilar-Castillo, C. D., & Cárdenas-Conejo, A. (2023). Factores de riesgo en el origen del síndrome de Down. Revista medica del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, 61(5), 638–644. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8316459
Braz-Vieira, M. (2017). Valoración de la coordinación motriz del niño/a con Síndrome de Down de la Provincia de Barcelona. (Tesis doctoral). Universidad de Barcelona. https://diposit.ub.edu/dspace/handle/2445/117203
Bull, M. J., Trotter, T., Santoro, S. L., Christensen, C., Grout, R. W., COUNCIL ON GENETICS, Burke, L. W., Berry, S. A., Geleske, T. A., Holm, I., Hopkin, R. J., Introne, W. J., Lyons, M. J., Monteil, D. C., Scheuerle, A., Stoler, J. M., Vergano, S. A., Chen, E., Hamid, R., Downs, S. M., … Spire, P. (2022). Health Supervision for Children and Adolescents With Down Syndrome. Pediatrics, 149(5), e2022057010. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2022-057010
Cammarata-Scalisi, Francisco, González, Sandra, & Álvarez-Nava, Francisco. (2016). Síndrome metabólico en el síndrome de Down. Revista Venezolana de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, 14(2), 96-106. http://ve.scielo.org/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1690-31102016000200002&lng=es&tlng=es.
Campos-Campos, K., Cossio-Bolaños, M., Gómez-Campos, R., Castelli, L.F., Teixeira, L.G., Luarte-Rocha, C. (2024). Relación entre el índice de masa corporal y las habilidades de locomoción en escolares de primaria. Sportis Sci J, 10(2), 334-348. https://doi.org/10.17979/sportis.2024.10.2.10581
Campos-Campos, K., Monsalves, G., Paredes, M., Alarcón, K., Castelli, L.F. & Luarte, C. (2021). Importancia de la estimulación temprana para el desarrollo motor en niños con síndrome de Down: Una revisión sistemática. Rev.peru.cienc.act.fís.deporte, 8(3), 1210-1219. https://doi.org/10.53820/rpcafd.v8i3.152
Capone, G. T., Chicoine, B., Bulova, P., Stephens, M., Hart, S. J., Crissman, B. G., Videlefsky, A., Myers, K., Roizen, N., Esbensen, A. J., Peterson, M., Santoro, S. L., Woodward, J., Martin, B., Smith, D. C., & Author_Id, N. (2017). Co‐occurring medical conditions in adults with Down syndrome: A systematic review toward the development of health care guidelines. American Journal Of Medical Genetics - Part A, 176(1), 116-133. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.38512
Casanova, M. F., Walker, L. C., Whitehouse, P. J., & Price, D. L. (1985). Abnormalities of the nucleus basalis in Down’s syndrome. Annals of Neurology, 18(3), 310–313. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410180306
Cigarroa, I., Sarqui, C., & Lamana, R. Z. (2016). Efectos del sedentarismo y obesidad en el desarrollo psicomotor en niños y niñas: Una revisión de la actualidad latinoamericana. Universidad y Salud, 18(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.161801.27
Coe, D. P., Post, E. M., Fitzhugh, E. C., Fairbrother, J. T., & Webster, E. K. (2024). Associations among Motor Competence, Physical Activity, Perceived Motor Competence, and Aerobic Fitness in 10-15-Year-Old Youth. Children, 11(2), 260. https://doi.org/10.3390/children11020260
Coelho-Junior, H. J., Villani, E. R., Calvani, R., Carfì, A., Picca, A., Landi, F., Bernabei, R., Onder, G., & Marzetti, E. (2019). Sarcopenia-related parameters in adults with Down syndrome: A cross-sectional exploratory study. Experimental gerontology, 119, 93–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2019.01.028
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2th ed.). Erlbaum, Hillsdale.
Concha-Cisternas, Y., Vargas-Vitoria, R., Celis-Morales, C. (2020). Cambios morfofisiológicos y riesgo de caídas en el adulto mayor: Una revisión de la literatura. Revista Salud Uninorte, 36(2), 450–470. https://doi.org/10.14482/sun.36.2.618.97
Coppede, A., Campos, A., Cabrera, D., & Ferreira, N. (2012). Desempenho motor fino e funcionalidade em crianças com síndrome de Down. Fisioter Pesq. 19(4), 363-368. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1809-29502012000400012
Covelli, V., Raggi, A., Meucci, P., Paganelli, C., & Leonardi, M. (2016). Ageing of people with Down's syndrome: a systematic literature review from 2000 to 2014. International journal of rehabilitation research, 39(1), 20–28. https://doi.org/10.1097/MRR.0000000000000147
Cowley, P. M., Ploutz-Snyder, L. L., Baynard, T., Heffernan, K., Jae, S. Y., Hsu, S., Lee, M., Pitetti, K. H., Reiman, M. P., & Fernhall, B. (2010). Physical fitness predicts functional tasks in individuals with Down syndrome. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 42(2), 388–393. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181b07e7a
Díaz-Cuéllar, S., Yokoyama-Rebollar, E. & Del Castillo-Ruiz, V. (2016). Genómica del síndrome de Down. Acta pediátrica de México, 37(5), 289–296. https://doi.org/10.18233/APM37No5pp289-296
Faúndez A, J. P., Délano R, P., Faúndez A, J. P., & Délano R, P. (2019). Asociaciones entre función vestibular y habilidades cognitivas: Un enfoque básico-clínico. Revista de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello, 79(4), 453–464. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48162019000400453
Foley, C., & Killeen, O. G. (2019). Musculoskeletal anomalies in children with Down syndrome: an observational study. Archives of disease in childhood, 104(5), 482–487. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-315751
Fortea, J., Zaman, S., Hartley, S. L., Rafii, M. S., Head, E., & Carmona-Iragui, M. (2021). Alzheimer’s disease associated with Down syndrome: a genetic form of dementia. The Lancet Neurology, 20(11), 930-942. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(21)00245-3
Gaete P., V., López C., C., Gaete P., V., & López C., C. (2020). Trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en adolescentes. Una mirada integral. Revista Chilena de Pediatría, 91(5), 784–793. https://doi.org/10.32641/rchped.vi91i5.1534
Gaete, B., Mellado, C., & Hernández, M. (2012). Trastornos neurológicos en niños con síndrome de Down. Revista Médica de Chile, 140(2), 214–218. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872012000200010.
Garcia-Marin, P., & Fernández-López, N. (2020). Asociación de la competencia en las habilidades motrices básicas con las actividades físico-deportivas extracurriculares y el índice de masa corporal en preescolares. Retos, 38, 33–39. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v38i38.71896
Gómez-Campos, R., Vidal-Espinoza, R., Castelli, L.F., de Moraes, A., Lázari, E., Cossio-Bolaños, W., Urzúa, A., Sulla-Torres, J. & Cossio-Bolaños, M. (2021). Estimación de la masa grasa por medio de indicadores antropométricos en jóvenes con síndrome de Down. Nutrición Hospitalaria, 38(5), 1040-1046. https://dx.doi.org/10.20960/nh.03524
Gorla, J. I., Araújo, P, & Rodrigues, J. L. (2010). Evaluación Motoras en Educación Física Adaptada: Test KTK (2ª ed.). Phorte.
Jain, P. D., Nayak, A., Karnad, S. D., & Doctor, K. N. (2022). Gross motor dysfunction and balance impairments in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: a systematic review. Clinical and experimental pediatrics, 65(3), 142–149. https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00479
Jiménez, L., Cerda, J., Alberti, G., & Lizama, M. (2015). Malnutrición por exceso: Alta frecuencia de sobrepeso y obesidad en escolares chilenos con síndrome de Down. Revista Médica de Chile, 143(4), 451–458. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872015000400006
Kiphard, E. & Schilling, F. (1974). Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder. Belz test, Weinham.
Kiphard, E.J. (1976). Insuficiencias de movimiento y de coordinación en la edad de la escuela primaria. Kapelusz.
Lejeune, J., Turpin, R. & Gautier, M. (1959). Le mongolisme, premier exemple d’aberration autosomique humaine. Ann Genet, 1, 1–49. http://publications.fondationlejeune.org/article.asp?filename=fjl046.xml
Linfante, S.M. (2009). Estudo da correlação entre coordenação motora e habilidades motoras de pessoas com sindrome de Down. (Master), Universidade de Campinas, Campinas. https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12733/1610012
Lizama C, M., Retamales M, N., & Mellado S, C. (2013). Recomendaciones de cuidados en salud de personas con síndrome de Down: 0 a 18 años. Revista Médica de Chile, 141(1), 80–89. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872013000100011
Luz, L. G. de O., Maranhão Neto, G. de A., Luz, T. D. D., Santos, D. H. B., Silva, L. C. B., Cunha Júnior, A. T. da, & Coelho-e-Silva, M. J. (2019). Motor coordination as predictor of physical fitness in prepubertal boys. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria & Desempenho Humano, 21, e56205. https://doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2019v21e56205
Malak, R., Kostiukow, A., Krawczyk-Wasielewska, A., Mojs, E., & Samborski, W. (2015). Delays in Motor Development in Children with Down Syndrome. Medical science monitor: international medical journal of experimental and clinical research, 21, 1904–1910. https://doi.org/10.12659/MSM.893377
Mardiansyah, A., Bakhtiar, S., Syahruddin, S., Syahputra, R., Putri, L. P., Atradinal, A., Mardela, R., Afrian, H., & Pion, J. (2024). Motor coordination in relation to weight status and age in primary school children in Indonesia). Retos: Nuevas Tendencias En Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación, 57, 72–79.
Martins, C., Romo-Perez, V., Webster, E. K., Duncan, M., Lemos, L. F., Staiano, A. E., Okely, A., Magistro, D., Carlevaro, F., Bardid, F., Magno, F., Nobre, G., Estevan, I., Mota, J., Ning, K., Robinson, L. E., Lenoir, M., Quan, M., Valentini, N. C., Cross, P., Barnett, L. M. (2024). Motor Competence and Body Mass Index in the Preschool Years: A Pooled Cross-Sectional Analysis of 5545 Children from Eight Countries. Sports medicine, 54(2), 505–516. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-023-01929-7
MINSAL. (2018). Patrones de crecimiento: para la evaluación nutricional de niños, niñas y adolescentes, desde el nacimiento hasta los 19 años de edad. Consultado el 14 de abril de 2024 en https://diprece.minsal.cl/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/Patrones-de-Crecimiento-para-la-Evaluaci%C3%B3n-Nutrici%C3%B3n-de-ni%C3%B1os-ni%C3%B1as-y-adolescentes-desde-el-nacimiento-a-19-a%C3%B1os.pdf
Moreira, J. P. A., Lopes, M. C., Miranda-Júnior, M. V., Valentini, N. C., Lage, G. M., & Albuquerque, M. R. (2019). Körperkoordinationstest Für Kinder (KTK) for Brazilian Children and Adolescents: Factor Analysis, Invariance and Factor Score. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 2524. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02524
Murray, J., & Ryan-Krause, P. (2010). Obesity in children with Down syndrome: Background and recommendations for management. Pediatric Nursing, 36(6), 314–319.
Muzzo B, S. (2003). Crecimiento normal y patológico del niño y del adolescente. Revista Chilena de Nutrición, 30(2), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0717-75182003000200003
Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2021). Obesidad y sobrepeso. Consultado el 14 de abril del 2024 en https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight
Pineda, E. J., & Gutiérrez, E. H. (2011). Control de la obesidad en niños con síndrome de Down. Revista Cubana de Medicina General Integral, 27(2), 0–0.
Pino, M., Muñoz, F., Henríquez, M., Luarte-Rocha, C., Gomez-Campos, R., Cossio-Bolaños, M., Castelli-de-Campos, L.-F., Pino, M., Muñoz, F., Henríquez, M., Luarte-Rocha, C., Gomez-Campos, R., Cossio-Bolaños, M., & Castelli-de-Campos, L.-F. (2021). Adiposidad corporal y resistencia muscular abdominal en jóvenes con síndrome de Down. Andes Pediatrica, 92(4), 541–547. https://doi.org/10.32641/andespediatr.v92i4.1520
Pinter, J. D., Eliez, S., Schmitt, J. E., Capone, G. T., & Reiss, A. L. (2001). Neuroanatomy of Down's syndrome: a high-resolution MRI study. The American journal of psychiatry, 158(10), 1659–1665. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.158.10.1659
Quinzi, F., Vannozzi, G., Camomilla, V., Piacentini, M.F., Boca, F., Bortels, E., Kathrein, E., Magyar, A., Verdone, F. & Sbriccoli, P. (2022). Motor Competence in Individuals with Down Syndrome: Is an Improvement Still Possible in Adulthood? Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19(4), 2157. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19042157
Rezende, L.M., Moreira, O.C., & Torres, J.O. (2014). Desempenho motor de pessoas com deficiência da associação de pais e amigos dos excepcionais de uma cidade do interior de Minas Gerais. Revista Brasileira de Prescrição e Fisiologia do Exercício, 8(49), 686-694. https://www.rbpfex.com.br/index.php/rbpfex/article/view/681
Rodrigues, G. & Winckler, C. (2023). Síndrome de Down e Treinamento de Resistencia: considerações para prescrição e segurança do exercício físico. Paradesporto Brasil + Acessível.
Rosales, E. I., Tapia, C. D., Manríquez, E. V., Vergara, Y. G., Riquelme, B. B., Molina-Márquez, I., & Hernàndez-Mosqueira, C. (2023). Autopercepción e insatisfacción de la imagen corporal con relación al IMC y porcentaje de grasa entre hombres y mujeres estudiantes universitarios chilenos. MHSalud: Revista en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Salud, 20(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.15359/mhs.20-1.8
Rosenbaum, M., & Leibel, R. L. (2010). Adaptive thermogenesis in humans. International Journal of Obesity (2005), 34(0 1), S47. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2010.184
Salazar-Quinatoa, M. M., & Calero-Morales, S. (2018). Influencia de la actividad física en la motricidad fina y gruesa del adulto mayor femenino. Revista Cubana de Investigaciones Biomédicas, 37(3), 1–13.
Scapinelli, D., Salvador, E., & Souza, A. (2016). Evaluation of functional capabilities in children with Down Syndrome. Fisioter. Mov, 29(2), 335-342. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-5150.029.002.AO12
Schott, N., & Holfelder, B. (2015). Relationship between motor skill competency and executive function in children with Down's syndrome. Journal of intellectual disability research: JIDR, 59(9), 860–872. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12189
Schrager, S., Kloss, C., & Ju, A. W. (2007). Prevalence of fractures in women with intellectual disabilities: A chart review. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51(4), 253–259.
Stanquini, C.R., & Oliveira, E.L. (2013). Repertótios motores de pessoas com Síndrome de Down. Anais do Congresso Brasileiro Multidisciplinar de Educação Especial, 1(1), 1542-1550. https://www.uel.br/eventos/congressomultidisciplinar/pages/arquivos/anais/2013/AT03-2013/AT03-011.pdf
Stevenson, A. (1966). Down's syndrome (A). Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 34, 22-24. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/263361
Sundahl, L., Zetterberg, M., Wester, A., Rehn, B., & Blomqvist, S. (2016). Physical activity levels among ado-lescent and young adult women and men with and without intellectual disability. Journal of Applied Research in Intellec-tual Disabilities, 29, 93-98. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12170
Teipel, S. J., Alexander, G. E., Schapiro, M. B., Möller, H. J., Rapoport, S. I., & Hampel, H. (2004). Age-related cortical grey matter reductions in non-demented Down's syndrome adults determined by MRI with voxel-based morphometry. Brain: a journal of neurology, 127(Pt 4), 811–824. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh101
Tenenbaum, A., Malcah, Y., Wexler, I., Brooks, R., Schulman, C., & LevyKhademi, F. (2011). Obesity and metabolic syndrome characteristics in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Down Syndrome Quarterly, 13(2), 49–51.
Tsou, A. Y., Bulova, P., Capone, G., Chicoine, B., Gelaro, B., Harville, T. O., Martin, B. A., McGuire, D. E., McKelvey, K. D., Peterson, M., Tyler, C., Wells, M., Whitten, M. S., & Global Down Syndrome Foundation Medical Care Guidelines for Adults with Down Syndrome Workgroup (2020). Medical Care of Adults With Down Syndrome: A Clinical Guideline. JAMA, 324(15), 1543–1556. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.17024
Voelcker-Rehage, C. (2008). Motor-skill learning in older adults—A review of studies on age-related differences. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity, 5(1), Article 1. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11556-008-0030-9
World Health Organization (2021). BMI-for-age (5-19 years). Consultado el 30 de octubre de 2024 en https://www.who.int/tools/growth-reference-data-for-5to19-years/indicators/bmi-for-age
Zigman, W. B. (2013). Atypical aging in Down syndrome. Developmental disabilities research reviews, 18(1), 51–67. https://doi.org/10.1002/ddrr.1128
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Kevin Isaias Campos-Campos, Iván Molina-Márquez, Fredy Cáceres-Montecinos, Eimmy Gálvez-Contreras, Cristian Luarte Rocha
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
