Actividad física de cuerpo y mente. Pilates y yoga. Efectos en la vitalidad y salud mental. Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis (Physical activity of body and mind. Pilates and yoga. Effects on vitality and mental health. Systematic review and meta-analysis)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.97742Palabras clave:
Palabras claves: Pilates, yoga, Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida SF-36, calidad de vida, vitalidad, rol emocional, salud mental.Resumen
El objetivo principal de esta revisión es analizar los efectos de los ejercicios de Pilates y yoga en la vitalidad y salud mental, utilizando la escala de calidad de vida SF-36. Se realizó una exhaustiva búsqueda en las bases de datos de Pubmeb, PEDRo, Scopus, Scielo, Google Scholar y WorldWideScience, identificando un total de 169 artículos. Después de llevar a cabo los procesos de selección, elegibilidad e inclusión, se seleccionaron 20 artículos (11 de Pilates, 8 de yoga y 1 con intervención de Pilates y yoga). Tanto en el subgrupo de estudios de Pilates (n=12) como en el subgrupo de yoga (n=9), se observaron cambios estadísticamente significativos en la salud mental, con tamaños de efecto moderados (subgrupo Pilates Cohen's d= 0,69 [IC del 95%: 0,37 a 1,01]; subgrupo de yoga Cohen's d= 0,50 [IC del 95%: 0,26 a 0,74]). En cuanto a la vitalidad, se observaron cambios estadísticamente significativos tanto en el subgrupo de estudios de Pilates (n=12) como en el subgrupo de yoga (n=9), con tamaños de efecto moderados-bajos (subgrupo Pilates Cohen's d= 0,38 [IC del 95%: 0,14 a 0,61]; subgrupo de yoga Cohen's d= 0,34 [IC del 95%: 0,08 a 0,59]). Estos resultados respaldan que los ejercicios de Pilates y yoga son eficaces como terapia física y mejoran de forma moderada la calidad de vida en términos de vitalidad y salud mental.
Palabras clave: Pilates, yoga, Cuestionario de Calidad de Vida SF-36, calidad de vida, vitalidad, rol emocional, salud mental.
Abstract. The main objective of this review is to analyze the effects of Pilates and yoga exercises on vitality and mental health, using the SF-36 quality of life scale. An exhaustive search was conducted in the Pubmeb, PEDRo, Scopus, Scielo, Google Scholar, and WorldWideScience databases, identifying a total of 169 articles. After performing the selection, eligibility, and inclusion processes, 20 articles were selected (11 on Pilates, 8 on yoga, and 1 with Pilates and yoga intervention). Statistically significant changes were observed in mental health in both the Pilates subgroup (n=12) and the yoga subgroup (n=9), with moderate effect sizes (Pilates subgroup Cohen's d=0.69 [95% CI: 0.37 to 1.01]; yoga subgroup Cohen's d=0.50 [95% CI: 0.26 to 0.74]). Regarding vitality, statistically significant changes were observed in both the Pilates subgroup (n=12) and the yoga subgroup (n=9), with moderate-low effect sizes (Pilates subgroup Cohen's d=0.38 [95% CI: 0.14 to 0.61]; yoga subgroup Cohen's d=0.34 [95% CI: 0.08 to 0.59]). These results support the effectiveness of Pilates and yoga exercises as physical therapy in moderately improving quality of life in terms of vitality and mental health.
Keywords: Pilates, yoga, SF-36 Quality of Life Questionnaire, quality of life, vitality, emotional role, mental health.
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