Comparación de la efectividad de ejercicios terapéuticos de la espalda versus ejercicios Pilates en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico: ensayo clínico en la práctica hospitalaria (Comparison of the effectiveness of therapeutic back exercises versus Pilates exercises in patients with chronic low back pain: clinical trial in hospital practice)

Autores/as

  • Mario Manuel López Mesa Universidad Alfonso X el Sabio https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0452-1570
  • Javier J. Cabrerizo Fernández Hospital Universitario del Henares
  • Yolanda Robledo do Nascimento Hospital Universitario del Henares

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.108993

Palabras clave:

Dolor lumbar crónico, Pilates, Ejercicios terapéuticos de espalda, Índice de Discapacidad de Oswestry, Mejora clínica relevante e importante, umbral de cambio mínimo clínicamente importante

Resumen

Introducción: Este ensayo clínico comparó la efectividad de ejercicios terapéuticos de espalda y ejercicios de Pilates para mejorar la discapacidad en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico. Método: Se llevó a cabo un estudio controlado y aleatorio en el Hospital Universitario del Henares con 53 pacientes divididos en dos grupos: Pilates (n=27) y ejercicios de espalda (n=26). Los tratamientos se realizaron durante 12 semanas, con tres sesiones semanales de 60 minutos. Se utilizó el Índice de Discapacidad de Oswestry para evaluar los resultados. Resultados: Ambos grupos mostraron mejoras significativas. El grupo de Pilates redujo el Índice en 9.25 puntos en promedio, mientras que el grupo de ejercicios de espalda lo redujo en 5.88 puntos. Aunque no hubo diferencias significativas (p=0.284), el 75% de los pacientes de Pilates mejoró ≥6 puntos, frente al 54.17% en el grupo de espalda. Una mejora notable (≥8 puntos) se observó en el 62.50% del grupo de Pilates, comparado con el 25% en el grupo de espalda. El estudio utilizó una ecuación de regresión lineal y el método ROC para determinar que una reducción promedio de la puntuación del Índice de Discapacidad de Oswestry inicial en un 21% (equivalente a una reducción media de 8.74 puntos) representaba el límite para un resultado "satisfactorio" a los tres meses. Discusión y conclusiones: Ambos tratamientos fueron efectivos para mejorar la funcionalidad en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico, sin diferencias significativas entre ellos. No obstante, Pilates mostró una mayor proporción de mejoras clínicas significativas. Se destacó la importancia de personalizar los programas de ejercicios y complementarlos con ejercicios de fortalecimiento y movilidad de cadera y piernas para optimizar los resultados.

Palabras claves: Dolor lumbar crónico, Pilates, Ejercicios terapéuticos de espalda, Índice de Discapacidad de Oswestry.

Abstract. Introduction: This clinical trial compared the effectiveness of therapeutic back exercises and Pilates exercises in improving disability in patients with chronic low back pain. Method: A controlled and randomized study was carried out at the Henares University Hospital with 53 patients divided into two groups: Pilates (n=27) and back exercises (n=26). The treatments were carried out for 12 weeks, with three 60-minute sessions per week. The Oswestry Disability Index was used to evaluate the results. Results: Both groups showed significant improvements. The Pilates group reduced the Index by 9.25 points on average, while the back exercise group reduced it by 5.88 points. Although there were no significant differences (p=0.284), 75% of Pilates patients improved ≥6 points, compared to 54.17% in the back group. A notable improvement (≥8 points) was observed in 62.50% of the Pilates group, compared to 25% in the back group. The study used a linear regression equation and the ROC method to determine that a mean reduction in the initial Oswestry Disability Index score by 21% (equivalent to a mean reduction of 8.74 points) represented the threshold for a "satisfactory" outcome. "after three months. Discussion and conclusions: Both treatments were effective in improving functionality in patients with chronic low back pain, without significant differences between them. However, Pilates showed a greater proportion of significant clinical improvements. The importance of personalizing exercise programs and complementing them with hip and leg strengthening and mobility exercises to optimize results was highlighted.

Keywords: Chronic low back pain, Pilates, Therapeutic back exercises, Oswestry Disability Index.

Citas

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2024-11-01

Cómo citar

López Mesa, M. M., Cabrerizo Fernández, J. J. ., & Robledo do Nascimento, Y. (2024). Comparación de la efectividad de ejercicios terapéuticos de la espalda versus ejercicios Pilates en pacientes con dolor lumbar crónico: ensayo clínico en la práctica hospitalaria (Comparison of the effectiveness of therapeutic back exercises versus Pilates exercises in patients with chronic low back pain: clinical trial in hospital practice). Retos, 60, 413–428. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.108993

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