Salud mental, afecto y emociones en estudiantes universitarios españoles de Ciencias de la Salud y Ciencias Sociales (Mental Health, affect and emotions in Spanish university students of Health and Social Sciences)

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.97652

Palabras clave:

salud mental, afecto, emociones, ansiedad, estudiantes universitarios

Resumen

Antecedentes: Los estudiantes en la universidad tienen que adaptarse a un nuevo contexto de aprendizaje y están bajo una mayor presión académica. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la salud mental, el estado afectivo y las emociones en estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud y Ciencias Sociales mediante un estudio transversal.

Método: Muestra de 693 estudiantes de primero a cuarto año matriculados en diferentes Grados de Ciencias de la Salud y Ciencias Sociales. Usamos el instrumento de la lista de síntomas (SCL-90-R), la escala de Afecto Positivo y Negativo (PANAS) y un cuestionario elaborado “ad hoc”. Resultados: El estado de salud era bueno, aunque el 60,9% había experimentado ansiedad o estrés. No encontramos puntuaciones altas en el SCL-90-R ni malestar psicológico. La afectividad positiva en general y para la última semana fue alta, y en cuanto a las emociones aparecieron la curiosidad, alegría, seguridad y admiración. Encontramos relaciones interesantes entre el género, el grupo de edad y la enfermedad crónica, donde las mujeres, los estudiantes jóvenes y los estudiantes con enfermedades crónicas tenían peor salud mental y malestar psicológico. Por Grados, los estudiantes de Ciencias Sociales tienen un peor pronóstico de malestar psicológico y los estudiantes de Ciencias de la Salud presentan un perfil emocional basado en emociones agradables y adaptativas, aunque estos últimos también reportan los niveles más altos de miedo. Conclusión: Se necesitan medidas preventivas en la educación superior para minimizar la ansiedad, el estrés, la salud mental y las emociones desadaptativas

Palabras clave: salud mental, afecto, emociones, ansiedad, estudiantes universitarios

Abstract. Background: Students attending university have to adjust to a new learning context and are under increased academic pressure. The aim of the study was to assess mental health, affective status and emotions in Health Sciences and Social Sciences undergraduates using an explorative approach in a cross sectional study. Methods: A sample of 693 first-to-fourth-year students enrolled in different degree courses. We used the Symptom CheckList-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) and an “ad hoc” questionnaire. Results: Health status was good, although 60.9% had experienced anxiety or stress. We found no high scores on the SCL-90-R and no psychological distress. Positive affect was reported generally and for the last week, as well as emotions such as curiosity, joy, security and admiration. We found interesting relationships between gender, year group and chronic illness, where female, young students and students with chronic illness had worse mental health and psychological distress. By degree course, Social Sciences students had a worse psychological distress prognosis and Health Sciences students presented an emotional profile based on pleasant and adaptive emotions, although the latter also reported the highest levels of fear. Conclusion: Preventive measures are needed in higher education to minimize anxiety, stress, mental health and maladaptive emotions

Key words: mental health, affect, emotions, anxiety, university students

Biografía del autor/a

Manuela Martinez-Lorca, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha

Departamento de Psicología. Área de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación. Profesora Ayudante Doctora.

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2023-06-28

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Martinez-Lorca, M., Zabala Baños, M. C., Morales Calvo, S., Aguado Romo, R., & Martínez-Lorca, A. (2023). Salud mental, afecto y emociones en estudiantes universitarios españoles de Ciencias de la Salud y Ciencias Sociales (Mental Health, affect and emotions in Spanish university students of Health and Social Sciences). Retos, 49, 163–173. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v49.97652

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas