El impacto de la salud mental, la afectividad, la inteligencia emocional, la empatía y las habilidades de afrontamiento en estudiantes de Terapia Ocupacional (The impact of mental health, affectivity, emotional intelligence, empathy and coping skills in Occupational Therapy students)

Autores/as

  • Manuela Martinez-Lorca Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha
  • Juan José Criado-Álvarez Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud de Castilla-La Mancha. Consejería de Sanidad. Talavera de la Reina, Toledo (Spain) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7733-9788
  • Roberto Aguado Romo Instituto de Psicoterapias de Tiempo Limitado (IEPTL)
  • Alberto Martinez-Lorca Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99384

Palabras clave:

salud mental, afecto, inteligencia emocional, empatía, terapia ocupacional

Resumen

Antecedentes: Los estudiantes que asisten a la universidad tienen que adaptarse a un nuevo contexto de aprendizaje y sufren distrés y malestar psicológico. El objetivo del estudio es evaluar la salud mental, la afectividad, las emociones, la inteligencia emocional, la empatía y las habilidades de afrontamiento de universitarios de Terapia Ocupacional. Métodos: 130 estudiantes de primero a cuarto año matriculados en el Grado de Terapia Ocupacional, a quienes se les administró un cuestionario “ad hoc”, la lista de síntomas (SCL-90-R), la escala de Afecto Positivo y Negativo (PANAS), la escala Meta-Estado de Ánimo (TMMS-24), el Índice de Reactividad Interpersonal (IRI), la Escala de Dificultades en la Regulación Emocional (DERS) y el Inventario Breve de Afrontamiento (COPE). Resultados: Encontramos puntuaciones bajas en trastornos psicológicos, afecto positivo (generalmente y última semana). Existen emociones placenteras, buena inteligencia emocional, puntuaciones altas en empatía y buen estilo de afrontamiento y estrategias adaptativas. Sin embargo, encontramos un alto nivel de estudiantes sin habilidades de regulación emocional. Además, nuestros resultados muestran relaciones interesantes entre el género, el grupo de edad, la presencia de enfermedad crónica y la práctica de deporte, donde las estudiantes de grado, estudiantes de tercer año y aquellas con una enfermedad crónica tenían peor salud mental y malestar psicológico. Conclusión: Se necesitan medidas preventivas entre los estudiantes de educación superior para proteger la salud mental y las emociones desadaptativas y para lograr el mayor nivel posible de bienestar psicoemocional.

Palabras clave: salud mental, afecto, inteligencia emocional, empatía, terapia ocupacional

Abstract. Background: Students attending university have to adjust to a new learning context and are under psychological distress. The aim of the study was to assess the mental health, affective status, emotions, emotional intelligence, empathy and coping skills of undergraduate students of occupational therapy. Methods: A sample of 130 first-to-fourth-year students enrolled in an occupational therapy degree course, to whom we administered an “ad hoc” questionnaire, the Symptom CheckList-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS-24), the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS) and Brief COPE questionnaire. Results: We found low scores in psychological disorders, positive affect (general and over the last week), presence of pleasant emotions, good emotional intelligence, high scores in empathy and a good coping style and adaptive strategies. However, we found a high level of students without emotion regulation skills. Additionally, our results show interesting relationships between gender, year group, chronic illness and doing sport, where female undergraduates, third-year students and those with a chronic illness had worse mental health and psychological distress. Conclusion: Preventive measures are needed in higher education to minimize mental health and maladaptive emotions and to achieve the highest possible level of psycho- emotional well-being.

Key words: mental health, affect, emotional intelligence, empathy, occupational therapy

Biografía del autor/a

Manuela Martinez-Lorca, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha

Departamento de Psicología. Área de Psicología Evolutiva y de la Educación. Profesora Ayudante Doctora.

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2023-09-15

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Martinez-Lorca, M., Criado-Álvarez, J. J., Aguado Romo, R., & Martinez-Lorca, A. (2023). El impacto de la salud mental, la afectividad, la inteligencia emocional, la empatía y las habilidades de afrontamiento en estudiantes de Terapia Ocupacional (The impact of mental health, affectivity, emotional intelligence, empathy and coping skills in Occupational Therapy students). Retos, 50, 113–126. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v50.99384

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