Efectos de la composición corporal sobre el equilibrio postural en varones adultos españoles sedentarios: un estudio transversal (Effects of body composition on postural balance in sedentary Spanish adult males: a cross-sectional study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v45i0.92873Palabras clave:
Body composition, Postural control, Sedentary lifestyle, Body fat distribution, (Composición corporal; Control postural; Sedentarismo; Distribución de la grasa corporal)Resumen
El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la influencia de las variables antropométricas, de composición corporal y de distribución de la grasa en el control postural de varones españoles sedentarios. Se incluyeron en el estudio 39 varones de entre 25 y 60 años, con un índice de masa corporal entre 18 y 35 kg/m2, un peso corporal estable (sin ganancia o pérdida de peso igual o superior a 2 kg en los últimos 3 meses) y un nivel de actividad física clasificado como sedentario o poco activo (PAL <1,6 mediante acelerómetro). Se evaluaron variables antropométricas (peso, altura, índice de masa corporal y perímetros de cintura y cadera), variables de composición corporal (masa grasa, masa magra y masa ósea), distribución de la masa corporal (piernas, androide y total) y control postural. Se encontró una correlación entre la mayoría de las variables antropométricas y de composición corporal, evaluadas a través de la ratio Somatosensorial del Test de Organización Sensorial. Además, los individuos con un bajo porcentaje de masa grasa en piernas y androides presentaron mejores puntuaciones en comparación con aquellos con porcentajes más elevados (97,05±2,66 vs. 95,84±1,64 y 97,00±2,61vs 95,83±1,69, respectivamente; p<0,05). Los varones sedentarios con un mayor índice de masa corporal y un mayor porcentaje de masa grasa en las piernas y masa grasa androide tienen más dificultades propioceptivas para mantener el equilibrio.
Abstract. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of anthropometric variables, body composition variables and fat distribution on the postural control of sedentary Spanish males. 39 males aged between 25 and 60 years old, with a body mass index between 18 and 35 kg/m2, a stable body weight (no weight gain or loss of 2 kg or more in the last 3 months), and a level of physical activity classified as sedentary or low active (PAL <1.6 via accelerometer) were included in the study. Anthropometric variables (weight, height, body mass index and waist and hip perimeters), body composition variables (fat mass, lean mass and bone mass), body mass distribution (legs, android and total) and postural control were evaluated. A correlation was found between most of the anthropometric and body composition variables, assessed via the Somatosensory ratio of the Sensory Organization Test. Furthermore, individuals with a low percentage of leg and android fat mass presented improved scores when compared to those with higher percentages (97.05±2.66 vs. 95.84±1.64 and 97.00±2.61vs 95.83±1.69, respectively; p<0.05). Sedentary males with a greater body mass index and a higher percentage of leg fat mass and android fat mass are more proprioceptively challenged for maintaining balance.
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