Comparación del control inhibitorio, la atención y la memoria de trabajo de los niños en tres juegos de lanzamiento diferentes: Estudio exploratorio de EEG (Comparison of children’s inhibitory control, attention and working memory in three different throw
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v45i0.92478Palabras clave:
Funciones ejecutivas, juego físico infantil, electroencefalografía, (Executive Functions, Children Physical Game, Electroencephalography)Resumen
en este estudio exploramos las diferencias en el control inhibitorio, la atención y la memoria de trabajo, a través de biomarcadores EEG, en tres tipos de juegos de lanzamiento (lanzamiento simple, lanzamiento a portería y lanzamiento simultáneo con otro jugador). Se recogieron registros encefalográficos de 8 niños de 7-8 años durante la realización de tres juegos de lanzamiento. Se compararon los espectros de frecuencia theta (4-7Hz), alfa (7-13Hz) y low beta (13-20Hz) de diferentes biomarcadores asociados al control inhibitorio, la atención y la memoria de trabajo. Los resultados de este estudio exploratorio muestran que pequeñas modificaciones en las condiciones de juego conducen a demandas significativas en el control inhibitorio, la atención y la memoria de trabajo. La acción contra un oponente que intenta interrumpir el lanzamiento requeriría un mayor control inhibitorio, así como una mejor concentración de la atención y un mayor uso de la memoria de trabajo. Por otro lado, la acción simultánea contra un oponente que tiene el mismo objetivo podría implicar una mayor excitación y acercamiento hacia el objetivo. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas entre los distintos juegos, con mayores demandas de control inhibitorio en los juegos de lanzamiento a portería (oposición con distintos roles) sobre los juegos sin oposición o con oposición pero con el mismo rol (lanzamiento simultáneo). Estos resultados muestran un nuevo campo de estudio e indican el interés de analizar las características de cada juego.
Abstract: in this study we explore inhibitory control, attention and working memory differences, through EEG biomarkers, in three types of throwing games (simple throwing, throwing at a goal, and simultaneous throwing with another player). Encephalographic recordings were collected from 8 children aged 7-8 years during the performance of three throwing games. Theta (4-7Hz), alpha (7-13Hz) and low beta (13-20Hz) frequency spectra of different biomarkers associated with inhibitory control, attention and working memory were compared. Results of this exploratory study show that small modifications in playing conditions lead to significant demands on inhibitory control, attention and working memory. Action against an opponent attempting to disrupt the throw would require greater inhibitory control, as well as better focus of attention and greater use of working memory. On the other hand, simultaneous action against an opponent who has the same target might involve greater arousal and approach towards the target. The results show significant differences between the different games, with greater demands of inhibitory control in the games of throwing to goal (opposition with different roles) over the games without opposition or with opposition but with the same role (simultaneous throwing). These results show a new area of study and indicate the interest of analysing the characteristics of each game.
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