Criticidad de la preparación y el equipamiento en las actividades de senderismo y trekking: una revisión sistemática (Criticality of preparation and equipment in hiking and trekking activities: a systematic review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.108220Palabras clave:
Requisitos de Equipo, Senderismo, Preparación, Trekking, Actividades al Aire Libre, Gestión de Riesgos, Prácticas de Seguridad, Turismo de Aventura, Revisión de LiteraturaResumen
Las actividades al aire libre como el senderismo y el trekking requieren preparación y equipo adecuados. Sin embargo, muchos aventureros subestiman la importancia de estos factores, lo que aumenta el riesgo y los eventos adversos. Este estudio tiene como objetivo ofrecer una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura existente sobre preparación y requisitos de equipo para caminatas y trekking e identificar los desafíos predominantes durante estas actividades. La revisión consideró artículos con texto completo en inglés, listados en MEDLINE/PubMed o Google Scholar, publicados entre enero de 2000 y junio de 2023. El método de búsqueda se centra en obstáculos potenciales durante el viaje y preparación del equipo y riesgos durante la caminata y el trekking. Siguiendo las pautas de PRISMA 2021, se consideraron 14 artículos para su revisión detallada. Dos artículos investigaron a expertos en senderismo, mientras que los otros estudios incluyeron a expertos y principiantes. Se identificaron como cruciales las siguientes medidas y equipos preparativos: ropa adecuada, mapas, brújula, botiquín de primeros auxilios, comida y agua adicionales, buena condición física y habilidades relacionadas con el aire libre (por ejemplo, orientación y competencia médica). Los estudios revisados tenían fallas metodológicas y eran susceptibles de sesgo. Esta revisión identifica riesgos comunes y mejores prácticas con respecto a la preparación y el equipo para caminatas y trekking. Contribuye a la seguridad en las aventuras al aire libre, reduciendo potencialmente los riesgos y la probabilidad de eventos adversos y enriqueciendo las experiencias al aire libre.
Palabras clave: Senderismo, Trekking, Requisitos de Equipo, Preparación, Actividades al Aire Libre, Gestión de Riesgos, Prácticas de Seguridad, Turismo de Aventura, Revisión de Literatura.
Abstract. Outdoor activities like hiking and trekking require appropriate preparation and equipment. However, many adventurers underestimate the importance of these factors, leading to increased risk and adverse events. This study aims to deliver a comprehensive review of existing literature on preparation and equipment requirements for hiking and trekking and to identify prevalent challenges during these activities. The review considered papers with English full-text, listed in MEDLINE/PubMed or Google Scholar, published between January 2000 and June 2023. The search method focuses on potential obstacles during the trip and equipment preparation and risks during hiking and trekking. Following the PRISMA 2021 guidelines, 14 papers were considered for detailed review. Two articles investigated hiking experts whereas the other studies included experts and beginners. The following preparative measures and equipment were identified as crucial: appropriate clothing, maps, compass, first aid kit, extra food and water, good physical fitness, and outdoor-related skills (e.g., orientation and medical proficiency). The reviewed studies had methodological flaws and were susceptible to bias. This review identifies common risks and best practices with respect to preparation and equipment for hiking and trekking. It contributes to outdoor adventure safety, potentially reducing risks and the likelihood of adverse events and enriching outdoor experiences.
Keywords: Hiking, Trekking, Equipment Requirements, Preparedness, Outdoor Activities, Risk Management, Safety Practices, Adventure Tourism, Literature Review.
Citas
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