Implementación de un enfoque psicosocial intencional a través de juegos populares y deportes tradi-cionales en estudiantes de educación primaria (Implementation of intentionally structured psychosocial through folk games and traditional sports in elementary school students)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.108208Palabras clave:
Estructurado Intencionalmente, Psicosocial, Deportes, Juegos TradicionalesResumen
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar el impacto de programas psicosociales estructurados intencionalmente a través de juegos populares y deportes tradicionales en estudiantes de escuela primaria. Los factores psicosociales influyen en los pensamientos y comportamientos individuales, y los juegos y deportes tradicionales son reconocidos por sus valores culturales y de formación del carácter. La investigación utilizó un diseño de grupo pretest-postest con un enfoque cuantitativo, centrándose en estudiantes de quinto grado de la Escuela Primaria Pública Sumur Batu 06 en Jakarta Central. El instrumento principal fue el Cuestionario sobre Necesidades de Ajuste Psicosocial de Estudiantes de Séptimo Grado, que abarca relaciones cognitivas sociales, socioemocionales, sociales, relaciones con maestros, compañeros, padres y hermanos. El estudio siguió el modelo de Kendellen, que enfatiza centrarse en un componente psicosocial por lección, introduciéndolo al comienzo, enseñándolo durante la lección y revisándolo al final. El análisis de datos se realizó con SPSS versión 22, incluyendo solo estudiantes con al menos el 80% de asistencia que completaron tanto pretests como postests. Las pruebas de normalidad confirmaron que los datos de los grupos integrados y no integrados estaban distribuidos normalmente, mientras que las pruebas de homogeneidad mostraron que las muestras eran de una población homogénea. Las pruebas t de muestras pareadas revelaron mejoras significativas en los resultados psicosociales para ambos grupos, con el grupo integrado mostrando un valor t de 7.453 (Sig. 0.000) y el grupo no integrado un valor t de 5.121 (Sig. 0.000). Estos resultados indican un efecto positivo significativo de los juegos y deportes tradicionales integrados psicosocialmente en el desarrollo psicosocial de los estudiantes de escuela primaria.
Palabras clave: Estructurado Intencionalmente, Psicosocial, Deportes, Juegos Tradicionales
Abstract. This study aimed to examine the impact of intentionally structured psychosocial programs through folk games and traditional sports on elementary school students. Psychosocial factors influence individual thoughts and behaviors, and traditional games and sports are known for their character-building and cultural values. The research used a pretest-posttest group design with a quantitative approach, focusing on 5th-grade students from Sumur Batu 06 Public Elementary School in Central Jakarta. The primary instrument was the Questionnaire on Psychosocial Adjustment Needs of Grade 7 Students, covering social cognitive, socio-emotional, social, teacher-student, peer, parent, and sibling relationships. The study followed Kendellen's model, which emphasizes focusing on one psychosocial component per lesson, introducing it at the lesson's beginning, teaching it throughout the lesson, and reviewing it at the end. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 22, including only students with at least 80% attendance who completed both pre-tests and post-tests. Normality tests confirmed that data from both integrated and non-integrated groups were normally distributed, while homogeneity tests showed that the samples were from a homogeneous population. Paired sample t-tests revealed significant improvements in psychosocial outcomes for both groups, with the integrated group showing a t-value of 7.453 (Sig. 0.000) and the non-integrated group a t-value of 5.121 (Sig. 0.000). These results indicate a significant positive effect of psychosocially integrated traditional games and sports on the psychosocial development of elementary school students.
Keywords: Intentionally Structured, Psychosocial, Sports, Traditional Games
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