Optimizar la recuperación: ¿cómo el estiramiento PNF y el masaje con hielo alivian los marcadores de DOMS? (Optimizing recovery: how PNF stretching and ice massage alleviate markers of DOMS?)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.107992Palabras clave:
PNF Stretching, Ice massage, DOMS, Creatine KinaseResumen
El dolor muscular de aparición retardada (DOMS) es un problema común tanto para individuos entrenados como no entrenados que se desarrolla después de un ejercicio excéntrico o desacostumbrado. El gran número de casos de DOMS y los resultados variables de la investigación relacionada con la prevención y el tratamiento de DOMS, implican la importancia de la investigación en la prevención eficaz de DOMS. El objetivo de esta investigación fue investigar los efectos post-ejercicio de la combinación de estiramientos de Facilitación Neuromuscular Propioceptiva (FNP) y masaje con hielo sobre los marcadores de daño muscular inducido por el ejercicio (DOMS). Treinta y nueve sujetos de entre 15 y 17 años fueron asignados aleatoriamente a los grupos experimental o de control. Los sujetos realizaron un entrenamiento en circuito con DOMS inducido por el ejercicio. El grupo experimental se sometió a 18 minutos de estiramientos PNF y 16 minutos de masaje con hielo, que se administró 2 horas después del ejercicio. El grupo de control no recibió ningún tratamiento. Se evaluaron los parámetros del DOMS (dolor muscular, creatina quinasa/CK, aspartato aminotransferasa/AST, neutrófilos) y la escala funcional de las extremidades inferiores (LEFS) a las 0 y 24 horas después del DOMS inducido por el ejercicio. En el análisis de los datos se utilizaron diferentes pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas. Los grupos experimentales mostraron una reducción de los síntomas DOMS en forma de menos dolor muscular y AST, mejor LEFS en comparación con los grupos de control (p <0,05), pero no para la creatina quinasa y neutrófilos (p>0. 05), que es un indicador de daño tisular. En conclusión, la combinación de estiramientos PNF postejercicio y masaje con hielo fue eficaz para reducir la gravedad de las DOMS, pero no fue capaz de prevenirlas.
Palabras clave: Estiramientos PNF, Masaje Con Hielo, DOMS, Creatina Quinasa, Recuperación Muscular, Daño Muscular Inducido Por El Ejercicio
Abstract. Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) is a common problem for both trained or untrained individuals that develop after eccentric or unaccustomed exercise. The large number of cases of DOMS and the varying results of research related to the prevention and treatment of DOMS, imply the importance of research in the effective DOMS prevention. The aim of this research was to investigate the post-exercise effects of combination Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) stretching and ice massage on markers of exercise-induced muscle damage (DOMS). Thirty-nine subjects between the ages of 15 to 17 were randomly assigned to either the experimental or control groups. Subjects performed circuit training exercise-induced DOMS. The experimental group underwent 18 minutes of PNF stretching and 16 minutes of ice massage, which was given 2 hours after exercise. The control group did not receive any treatment. DOMS parameters (muscle soreness, creatine kinase/CK, aspartate aminotransferase/AST, neutrophil) and lower extremity functional scale (LEFS) were assessed at 0 and 24 hours after exercise-induced DOMS. The parametric and non-parametric different tests was used in data analysis. The experimental groups showed a reduction in DOMS symptoms in the form of less muscle soreness and AST, better LEFS compared to control groups (p<0.05), but not for creatine kinase and neutrophils (p>0.05) which is an indicator of tissue damage. In conclusion, the combination of postexercise PNF stretching and ice massage was effective in reducing the severity of DOMS, but it was not able to prevent DOMS.
Keywords: PNF Stretching, Ice Massage, DOMS, Creatine Kinase, Muscle Recovery, Exercise-induced Muscle Damage
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