Article RETRACTED due to bad practices of the authors, they are not reliable and they mislead the journal Influencia e interacción: ejercicios basados en juegos y equilibrio corporal sobre la resistencia de los músculos locomotores y centrales en niños con síndrome de Down (Influence and Interaction: Game-Based Exercises and Body Balance on Locomotor and Core Muscles Endurance in Children with Down syndrome)
Article RETRACTED due to bad practices of the authors, they are not reliable and they mislead the journal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.102542Palabras clave:
Influencia e interacción, ejercicios basados en juegos, equilibrio corporal, capacidad locomotora, resistencia muscular central, síndrome de downResumen
Los niños con síndrome de Down tienen problemas de equilibrio corporal que pueden dificultar su capacidad locomotora y su resistencia muscular. Sin embargo, los ejercicios mediante juegos pueden mejorar sus capacidades locomotoras y la resistencia de los músculos centrales. Por lo tanto, este estudio pretende evaluar las diferencias en el efecto entre los niveles de equilibrio, entre los tipos de ejercicios y la interacción entre el equilibrio corporal dinámico y los ejercicios sobre la capacidad locomotora y la resistencia de los músculos centrales. Un total de 16 niños con síndrome de Down fueron muestreados y divididos en cuatro grupos basados en los niveles de equilibrio corporal dinámico (Alto vs. Bajo) y el tipo de ejercicios (Snake-Leader vs. Engklek). Los ejercicios se realizaron en 16 sesiones de 60 minutos cada una, tres veces por semana en un periodo de cinco semanas. El equilibrio corporal dinámico se midió mediante la prueba de alcance funcional. La evaluación de la capacidad locomotora se realizó mediante la prueba de desarrollo motor grueso-2ª edición, mientras que la resistencia de los músculos centrales se midió mediante la prueba de la plancha. La capacidad locomotora y la resistencia de los músculos centrales se evaluaron antes y después del programa de ejercicios. La técnica ANOVA de dos vías se realizó utilizando la diferencia entre los datos de antes y después de la prueba como variables dependientes, mientras que la capacidad locomotora y la resistencia de la estabilidad central como variables factoriales con un nivel de significación del 5%. Los resultados sobre la capacidad locomotora mostraron un efecto principal significativo para el tipo de ejercicio, F(1, 12) = 10,347, p = 0,007, η2 parcial = 0,463; un efecto principal significativo para los niveles de equilibrio, F(1, 12) = 38,265, p = 0,000, η2 parcial = 0,761; y ninguna interacción significativa, F(1, 12) = 3,0, p = 0,109, η2 parcial = 0,2. Los resultados sobre la resistencia muscular central mostraron un efecto principal significativo para el tipo de ejercicio, F(1, 12) = 2,690, p = 0,127, η2 parcial = 0,183; un efecto principal significativo para los niveles de equilibrio, F(1, 12) = 37,590, p = 0,000, η2 parcial = 0,758; y una interacción significativa, F(1, 12) = 8,979, p = 0,011, η2 parcial = 0,428. El juego de Serpientes y Escaleras es apropiado para niños con síndrome de Down con un equilibrio dinámico alto y bajo para mejorar la capacidad locomotora. El juego Engklek es adecuado para niños con síndrome de Down con un equilibrio dinámico alto para aumentar la resistencia de los músculos centrales, mientras que el juego Serpientes y Escaleras es adecuado para niños con síndrome de Down con un equilibrio dinámico bajo.
Palabras clave. Influencia e interacción, ejercicios basados en juegos, equilibrio corporal, capacidad locomotora, Resistencia de los músculos centrales, síndrome de down
Abstract. Down syndrome (DS) children experience body balance problems that may hinder their locomotor abilities and and core muscle endurance. Exercises through games, however may improve their locomotor abilities and core muscle endurance. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the differences in the effect between balance levels, between types of exercises, and the interaction between dynamic body balance and exercises on locomotor ability and core muscle endurance. A total of 16 children with DS were sampled and divided into four groups based on dynamic body balance levels (High vs. Low) and the type of exercises (Snake-Leader vs. Engklek). The exercises were conducted in 16 sessions, each for 60 minutes, thrice weekly conducetd in five week period. Dynamic body balance was measured using functional reach test. The locomotor ability assessment was conducted using the gross motor development-2nd edition test, while core muscle endurance was measured using plank test. The locomotor ability and core muscles endurances were assessed before and after the exercise program. The two-way ANOVA technique was conducted using the difference between pre and post test data as the dependent variables while locomotor ability and core stability endurance as factor variables with 5% significance level. The results on locomotor ability showed a significant main effect for the type of exercise, F(1, 12) = 10.347, p = 0.007, partial η2 = 0.463; a significant main effect for balance levels, F(1, 12) = 38.265, p = 0.000, partial η2 = 0.761; and no significant interaction, F(1, 12) = 3.0, p = 0.109, partial η2 = 0.2. The results on core muscular endurance showed a significant main effect for the type of exercise, F(1, 12) = 2.690, p = 0.127, partial η2 = 0.183; a significant main effect for balance levels, F(1, 12)=37.590, p = 0.000, partial η2 = 0.758; and a significant interaction, F(1, 12) = 8.979, p = 0.011, partial η2 = 0.428. Snakes and Ladders game is appropriate for children with DS with a high and low dynamic balance to improve locomotor ability. The Engklek game is right for DS children with a high dynamic balance to increase the endurance of the core muscles, while the Snakes and Ladders game is right for DS children with low dynamic balance.
Keywords: Influence and interaction, game-based exercises, body balance, locomotor ability, core muscle endurance, Down syndrome
Citas
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