El papel del entrenador en la comprensión de la condición de los deportistas: maximizar las funciones de comunicación (The Coach's Role in Understanding the Athletes' Condition: Maximizing Communication Functions)

Autores/as

  • Eko Purnomo Universitas Negeri Padang https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5920-5348
  • Siti Aisyah Universitas Negeri Padang
  • Hartono Hadjarati Universitas Negeri Gorontalo
  • Adek Cerah Kurnia Azis Universitas Negeri Medan
  • I Kadek Suardika Universitas Negeri Gorontalo
  • Nina Jermaina Universitas Negeri Padang https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4055-5660
  • Nurkhoiroh Nurkhoiroh Universitas Negeri Gorontalo
  • Agus Gumilar Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.105991

Palabras clave:

El papel del entrenador, deportista, función comunicativa

Resumen

La relación con el entrenador es una de las claves del éxito de un deportista. Esta relación será buena si cada persona tiene las habilidades comunicativas para aceptarse y entenderse. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo explorar el papel de un entrenador en la comprensión de la condición de un atleta para maximizar el papel de la comunicación en esa relación. Para llevar a cabo esta investigación sobre el papel del entrenador en la comprensión de la condición de los atletas y la maximización de las funciones de comunicación, se empleará un enfoque de estudio selectivo. La muestra de la investigación fue de 173 (124 hombres, 49 mujeres) de diversos deportes (precisión; artes marciales; juegos; medibles) que participaron en esta investigación. La edad media de los participantes fue 20,07 años. Luego, los resultados de la investigación obtenidos se analizaron mediante regresión lineal simple. Esta investigación utiliza el Instrumento de Confirmación del Entrenador (CFI) con un valor de α = 0,95. Los resultados del cálculo de los tres datos (género, participación deportiva y tipo de deporte) obtuvieron un valor > 0,05, lo que significa que no existe relación significativa entre género, participación deportiva y tipo de deporte en la confirmación del entrenador. Esto significa que el género no tiene ningún impacto en la confirmación del entrenador. Lo mismo ocurre con la participación deportiva y el tipo de deporte en la confirmación del entrenador. La conclusión de esta investigación es que las habilidades comunicativas del entrenador juegan un papel importante en la comprensión de la condición del deportista, independientemente del género (masculino; femenino), participación deportiva (individual; de equipo), tipo de deporte (precisión; artes marciales; juegos; medible).

Palabras clave: El papel del entrenador, relación entre entrenador y deportista, tipo de deporte, género, función comunicativa.

Abstract. The coach relationship is one of the keys to success for an athlete. This relationship will be good if each person has the communication skills to accept and understand each other. This research aims to explore the role of a coach in understanding an athlete's condition in order to maximize the role of communication in that relationship. To conduct this research on the coach's role in understanding athletes' condition and maximizing communication functions, a selective study approach will be employed. The research sample was 173 (124 men, 49 women) from various sports (accuracy; martial arts; games; measurable) who participated in this research. The average age of participants was 20.07. The research results obtained were then analyzed using simple linear regression. This research uses the Coach Confirmation Instrument (CFI) with a value of α = 0.95. The calculation results of the three data (gender, sports involvement and type of sport) obtained a value of > 0.05, which means there is no significant relationship between gender, sports involvement and type of sport on coach confirmation. This means that gender has no impact on coach confirmation. Likewise with sports involvement and type of sport on coach confirmation. The conclusion of this research is that the coach's communication skills play an important role in understanding the athlete's condition, regardless of gender (male; female), sports involvement (individual; team), type of sport (accuracy; martial arts; games; measurable).

Keywords: The role of the coach, relationship between coach and athlete, type of sport, gender, communication function.

 

Citas

Akbar, Amin, Zulakbal Abd Karim, Jaffry Zakaria, Suryanef, Firunika Intan Cahyani, M. Arinal Rahman, Nooraini Binti Hamzah, and Shamsul Kamar bin Mohamad. 2024. “Comprensión De La Fortaleza Mental En Estudiantes-Atletas: Conocimientos De La Psicología Del Deporte (Understanding Mental Toughness in Student-Athletes: Insights from Sport Psychology).” Retos 54(2012):1–9. doi: 10.47197/retos.v54.102230.

Akbar, Amin, Zulakbal Abd Karim, Anindra Guspa, Reno Fernandes, Firunika Intan Cahyani, Mario Pratama, Prima Aulia, Rahmadianti Aulia, and M. Arinal Rahman. 2024. “Football as the Formation of Adolescent Character and Preventive Program to Overcome Juvenile Delinquency: A Perspective from Sport Psychology.” International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences 12(1):140–47. doi: 10.13189/saj.2024.120117.

Akbar, Amin, Zulakbal Abd Karim, Jaffry Zakaria, Rizal Kurniawan, Firunika Intan Cahyani, Free Dirga Dwatra, and Rinaldi. 2023. “The Role of Mental Toughness in Improving Achievement: The Perspective of Sport Psychology on Student-Athletes.” International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences 11(6):1376–82. doi: 10.13189/saj.2023.110623.

Ato, Manuel, Juan J. López, and Ana Benavente. 2013. “A Classification System for Research Designs in Psychology.” Anales de Psicologia 29(3):1038–59.

Bennie, Andrew, and Donna O’Connor. 2012. “Coach-Athlete Relationships: A Qualitative Study of Professional Sport Teams in Australia.” International Journal of Sport and Health Science 10(0):58–64. doi: 10.5432/ijshs.201208.

Bicici, Reha, Ayhan Savas, and Kavak Vatan. 2009. “The Motoric Properties of Individual and Team Sportsman.” Ovidius University Annals, Series Physical Education & Sport/Science, Movement & Health 9(2):101–9.

Bissett, James E., Emily Kroshus, and Stephen Hebard. 2020. “Determining the Role of Sport Coaches in Promoting Athlete Mental Health: A Narrative Review and Delphi Approach.” BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine 6(1):1–9. doi: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000676.

Bruce, Toni. 2013. “Reflections on Communication and Sport.” Communication & Sport 1(1–2):125–37. doi: 10.1177/2167479512472883.

Choi, Hunhyuk, Yunduk Jeong, and Suk Kyu Kim. 2020. “The Relationship between Coaching Behavior and Athlete Burnout: Mediating Effects of Communication and the Coach– Athlete Relationship.” International Journal of En-vironmental Research and Public Health 17(22):1–17. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17228618.

Cranmer, Gregory A., and Maria Brann. 2015. “‘It Makes Me Feel Like I Am an Important Part of This Team’: An Exploratory Study of Coach Confirmation.” International Journal of Sport Communication 8(2):193–211. doi: 10.1123/ijsc.2014-0078.

Cranmer, Gregory A., Maria Brann, and Keith Weber. 2017. “Quantifying Coach Confirmation: The Development and Preliminary Validation of the Coach Confirmation Instrument.” Communication and Sport 5(6):751–69. doi: 10.1177/2167479516660037.

Creswell, John W., and J. David Creswell. 2018. Research Design. Fifth Edit. Sage.

Davis, Louise, and Sophia Jowett. 2014. “Coach-Athlete Attachment and the Quality of the Coach-Athlete Relationship: Implications for Athlete’s Well-Being.” Journal of Sports Sciences 32(15):1454–64. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2014.898183.

Davis, Louise, Sophia Jowett, and Susanne Tafvelin. 2019. “Communication Strategies: The Fuel for Quality Coach-Athlete Relationships and Athlete Satisfaction.” Frontiers in Psychology 10(SEP). doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02156.

Dimyati, Farida Agus Setiawati, Edi Istiyono, and Ilham. 2023. “Exploratory Factor Analysis of Psychological Skills Inventory for Sports in Indonesian National Athletes.” International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences 11(4):699–707. doi: 10.13189/saj.2023.110402.

Foulds, Steven J., Samantha M. Hoffmann, Kris Hinck, and Fraser Carson. 2019. “The Coach–Athlete Relationship in Strength and Conditioning: High Performance Athletes’ Perceptions.” Sports 7(12):1–11. doi: 10.3390/sports7120244.

Fouraki, Vasiliki, Nektarios A. M. Stavrou, Nikolaos Apostolidis, and Maria Psychountaki. 2020. “Coach and Athlete Leadership Behaviors: Examining Their Role in Athlete’s Satisfaction.” Journal of Physical Education and Sport 20(6):3212–20. doi: 10.7752/jpes.2020.s6435.

Giulianotti, Richard. 2011. “Sport , Peacemaking and Conflict Resolution : A Contextual Analysis and Modelling of the ’ Sport , r P Fo r R w On Ly.”

Gould, Daniel, Kristen Dieffenbach, and Aaron Moffett. 2002. “Psychological Characteristics and Their Development in Olympic Champions.” Journal of Applied Sport Psychology 14(3):172–204. doi: 10.1080/10413200290103482.

Graham, Elizabeth E., and Joseph P. Mazer. 2020. Communication Research Measures III: A Sourcebook. New York and London: Routledge, Taylor & Francis group.

Gullu, Sevim, Burcak Keskin, Osman Ates, and Ecem Hanbay. 2020. “Coach-Athlete Relationship and Sport Passion in Individual Sports.” Acta Kinesiologica 14(1):9–15.

Hampson, R., and S. Jowett. 2014. “Effects of Coach Leadership and Coach-Athlete Relationship on Collective Efficacy.” Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 24(2):454–60. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2012.01527.x.

Haryanto, Jeki, Edi Setiawan, Ruslan Abdul Gani, Padli, and Ifdil. 2024. “Academic Performance of Online Physical Education Learning during COVID-19 Outbreak: Systematic Literature Review.” International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education 13(1):488–95. doi: 10.11591/ijere.v13i1.26723.

Haugan, Jan Arvid, Frode Moen, Maja Olsen Østerås, and Frode Stenseng. 2021. “Effects of a Mentor Program for Coaches on the Coach-Athlete Relationship.” Sports 9(8):1–14. doi: 10.3390/sports9080116.

Isoard-Gautheur, Sandrine, David Trouilloud, Henrik Gustafsson, and Emma Guillet-Descas. 2016. “Associations between the Perceived Quality of the Coach-Athlete Relationship and Athlete Burnout: An Examination of the Mediating Role of Achievement Goals.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 22:210–17. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.08.003.

Jackson, Ben, and Mark R. Beauchamp. 2010. “Self-Efficacy as a Metaperception within Coach-Athlete and Ath-lete-Athlete Relationships.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 11(3):188–96. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2009.12.005.

Jackson, Ben, Peter Knapp, and Mark R. Beauchamp. 2009. “The Coach-Athlete Relationship: A Tripartite Efficacy Perspective.” Sport Psychologist 23(2):203–32. doi: 10.1123/tsp.23.2.203.

Jacox, William. 2016. “Are the Key Qualities and Skills of Effective Team Coaches ?” AURA - Antioch University Respository and Archive 1–15.

Jermaina, Nina, Nurlan Kusmaedi, Amung Ma’mun, Vanessa Gaffar, Eko Purnomo, and Eddy Marheni. 2022. “Effects of Relaxation Exercises to Reduce Anxiety in Beginner Athletes.” International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences 10(6):1275–83. doi: 10.13189/saj.2022.100618.

Jowett, S., and I. M. Cockerill. 2003. “Olympic Medallists’ Perspective of the Althlete-Coach Relationship.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 4(4):313–31. doi: 10.1016/S1469-0292(02)00011-0.

Jowett, Sophia. 2008. “Moderator and Mediator Effects of the Association between the Quality of the Coach-Athlete Relationship and Athletes’ Physical Self-Concept.” International Journal of Coaching Science 2(1):1–20.

Jowett, Sophia. 2017. “Coaching Effectiveness: The Coach-Athlete Relationship at Its Heart.” Current Opinion in Psy-chology 16:154–58. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.05.006.

Jowett, Sophia, James W. Adie, Kimberley J. Bartholomew, Sophie X. Yang, Henrik Gustafsson, and Alicia Lopez-Jiménez. 2017. “Motivational Processes in the Coach-Athlete Relationship: A Multi-Cultural Self-Determination Approach.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 32:143–52. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2017.06.004.

Jowett, Sophia, and Paul Carpenter. 2015. “The Concept of Rules in the Coach-Athlete Relationship.” Sports Coaching Review 4(1):1–23. doi: 10.1080/21640629.2015.1106145.

Jowett, Sophia, Jose Roberto Andrade Do Nascimento-Júnior, Chen Zhao, and Jyoti Gosai. 2023. “Creating the Con-ditions for Psychological Safety and Its Impact on Quality Coach-Athlete Relationships.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 65:1–10. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2022.102363.

Karimi, A. .., M. .. Yektayar, R. .. Nazari, and S. Mohammdi. 2018. “Conflict Management Strategy of Sport Teacher and Its Influence on Student Athletic Motivation of Schools in Gorgon City.” European Journal of Experimental Biology 2(10):420–24.

Kerwin, Shannon, Matthew B. Walker, and Trevor Bopp. 2017. “When Faultlines Are Created: Exploring the Conflict Triggering Process in Sport.” Sport Management Review 20(3):252–60. doi: 10.1016/j.smr.2016.10.003.

Kim, Youngsook, and Inchon Park. 2020. “‘Coach Really Knew What i Needed and Understood Me Well as a Person’: Effective Communication Acts in Coach–Athlete Interactions among Korean Olympic Archers.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17(9). doi: 10.3390/ijerph17093101.

Lafrenière, Marc André K., Sophia Jowett, Robert J. Vallerand, and Noémie Carbonneau. 2011. “Passion for Coaching and the Quality of the Coach-Athlete Relationship: The Mediating Role of Coaching Behaviors.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 12(2):144–52. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2010.08.002.

Lafrenière, Marc André K., Sophia Jowett, Robert J. Vallerand, Eric G. Donahue, and Ross Lorimer. 2008. “Passion in Sport: On the Quality of the Coach-Athlete Relationship.” Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 30(5):541–60. doi: 10.1123/jsep.30.5.541.

Laurie Grealish. 2000. “The Skills of Coach Are an Essential Element in Clinical Learning.” Journal of Nursi

Education 39(5):231–33. doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2012.05.050.

Li, Juan, Hongyan Gao, and Jianbo Hu. 2021. “Satisfaction and the Coach-Athlete Relationship: The Mediating Role of Trust.” Social Behavior and Personality 49(2):1–12. doi: 10.2224/SBP.9807.

Macquet, Anne Claire, and Neville A. Stanton. 2014. “Do the Coach and Athlete Have the Same «picture» of the Situation? Distributed Situation Awareness in an Elite Sport Context.” Applied Ergonomics 45(3):724–33. doi: 10.1016/j.apergo.2013.09.014.

Mageau, Geneviève A., and Robert J. Vallerand. 2003. “The Coach-Athlete Relationship: A Motivational Model.” Journal of Sports Sciences 21(11):883–904. doi: 10.1080/0264041031000140374.

Marheni, Eddy, S. Afrizal, Eko Purnomo, Nina Jermaina, Goesti Sabda Laksana, Dudi Komaludin, Eliya Pebriyeni, and Firunika Intan Cahyani. 2024. “Integrating Emotional Intelligence and Mental Education in Sports to Improve Per-sonal Resilience of Adolescents.” Retos 51:649–56. doi: 10.47197/retos.v51.101053.

Maurice, Stefanee, Dana K. Voelker, Clayton Kuklick, and Megan Byrd. 2021. “‘We Don’t Always Get It Right’: Coaches’ Perspectives on Supporting Injured Athletes.” Sports Coaching Review 10(3):295–324. doi: 10.1080/21640629.2021.1897244.

McGee, Victoria. 2016. “The Coach-Athlete Relationship and Athlete Psychological Outcomes.” Thesis University of North Carolina 4(1):1–23.

Miller, Michael J., Noah Franken, and Kit Kiefer. 2007. “Exploring Touch Communication Between Coaches and Athletes.” Indo-Pacific Journal of Phenomenology 7(2):1–13. doi: 10.1080/20797222.2007.11433953.

Moen, Frode. 2014. “The Coach-Athlete Relationship and Expectations.” International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 4(11):29–40.

Moen, Frode, and Ragnvald Kvalsund. 2012. “Subjective Beliefs Among Sport Coaches About Communication During Coach-Athlete Conversations.” Athletic Insight 5(3):229–49.

Mueller, Stephanie Ruiz, Montse C. Chroni, and Stiliani Ani. 2018. “Coaches’ Perceptions of Athletes’ Psychobiosocial States: The Case of Three Tennis Coach-Athlete Dyads.” International Sport Coaching Journal 5(2):156–68. doi: 10.1123/iscj.2017-0045.

Norman, Leanne, and Jaime French. 2013. “Understanding How High Performance Women Athletes Experience the Coach-Athlete Relationship.” International Journal of Coaching Science 7(1):3–24.

Purnomo, Eko, Amung Ma’mun, Nurlan Kusmaedi, Yudy Hendrayana, Yusuf Hidayat, Nina Jermaina, and Eddy Marheni. 2021. “Profile: Interpersonal Communication Skills for Future Coaches.” International Journal of Human Movement and Sports Sciences 9(5):964–72. doi: 10.13189/saj.2021.090518.

Purnomo, Eko, Amung Ma’mun, Nurlan Kusmaedi, Yudy Hendrayana, Nina Jermaina, Akhmad Amirudin, Nessya Fitryona, and Dwi Mutia Sari. 2024. “Integración de Valores Sociales a Través Del Deporte (Integration of Social Values Through Sport).” Retos 52:144–53. doi: 10.47197/retos.v52.102459.

Ros-Morente, Agnès, Miriam Farré, Carla Quesada-Pallarès, and Gemma Filella. 2022. “Evaluation of Happy Sport, an Emotional Education Program for Assertive Conflict Resolution in Sports.” International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19(5):1–11. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19052596.

Roşca, Vlad. 2010. “The Coach-Athlete Communication Process: Towards a Better Human Resources Management in Sport.” Management Research and Practice 2(3):275–83.

SA, Stephen, Habeeb CM, and Arthur CA. 2022. “Congruence of Efficacy Beliefs on the Coach-Athlete Relationship and Athlete Anxiety: Athlete 3 Self-Efficacy and Coach Estimation of Athlete Self-Efficacy.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 58(102062):1–34. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102062.

Short, Sandra E., and Martin W. Short. 2005. “Essay: Role of the Coach in the Coach-Athlete Relationship.” Lancet 366(SUPPL. 1):29–30. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67836-1.

Sophia Jowetts. 2005. “The Coach-Athlete Partnership.” The Psychologist 18(7):412–15.

Staff, H., FF Didymus, and SH Backhouse. 2020. “Dyadic Coping in Coach-Athlete Relationships : A Grounded Theory.” Psychology of Sport and Exercise 1–43. doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2020.101741.

Thelwell, Richard C., Christopher R. D. Wagstaff, Michael T. Chapman, and Göran Kenttä. 2017. “Examining Coaches’ Perceptions of How Their Stress Nfluenices the Coach–Athlete Relationship.” Journal of Sports Sciences 35(19):1928–39. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1241422.

Vella, Stewart A., Lindsay G. Oades, and Trevor P. Crowe. 2013. “The Relationship between Coach Leadership, the Coach-Athlete Relationship, Team Success, and the Positive Developmental Experiences of Adolescent Soccer Players.” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 18(5):549–61. doi: 10.1080/17408989.2012.726976.

Voelker, Dana K., Amanda J. Visek, Jordyn L. Learner, and Miranda DiBiasio. 2022. “Toward Understanding of Coaches’ Role in Athletes’ Eating Pathology: A Systematic Review and Ecological Application to Advance Research.” Psy-chology of Sport and Exercise 58:102059. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2021.102059.

Wachsmuth, Jowett, and Harwood. 2016. “Conflict among Athletes and Their Coaches : What Is the Theory and Research so Far ?” International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology 10(1):84–107. doi: 10.1080/1750984X.2016.1184698.

Wekesser, Meredith M., Brandonn S. Harris, Jody Langdon, and Charles H. Wilson. 2021. “Coaches’ Impact on Youth Athletes’ Intentions to Continue Sport Participation: The Mediational Influence of the Coach–Athlete Relationship.” International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching 16(3):490–99. doi: 10.1177/1747954121991817.

Westfall, Scott, Eric M. Martin, and Daniel Gould. 2018. “The Association Between the Coach-Athlete Relationship and Burnout Among High School Coaches.” Journal of Sport Behavior 41(1):107–26.

Descargas

Publicado

2024-04-12

Cómo citar

Purnomo, E., Aisyah, S., Hadjarati, H., Azis, A. C. K., Suardika, I. K., Jermaina, N., Nurkhoiroh, N., & Gumilar, A. (2024). El papel del entrenador en la comprensión de la condición de los deportistas: maximizar las funciones de comunicación (The Coach’s Role in Understanding the Athletes’ Condition: Maximizing Communication Functions). Retos, 55, 543–551. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.105991

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas