Nanotecnología en la comunidad de deportistas basada en su aplicación en la detección de dopaje: una revisión sistemática de la literatura y meta-análisis (Nanotechnology in the sports athlete community based on its application in doping detection: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.107477Palabras clave:
Nanotecnología, dopaje, sensores, deportes, atletasResumen
Este estudio examina la efectividad y precisión de las aplicaciones de la nanotecnología en la detección de dopaje dentro de la comunidad de atletas. La nanotecnología ofrece un enfoque novedoso con potencial para detectar sustancias dopantes de manera más eficiente y precisa. El método utilizado en este estudio es una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura (RSL) y un meta-análisis, con artículos seleccionados de las bases de datos Scopus y Web of Science (WoS) que cubren los años 2020-2024. El proceso de selección emplea el método PRISMA e incluye solo artículos de investigación relevantes para el tema. Un total de 13 estudios fueron seleccionados para un análisis más detallado. Los resultados del meta-análisis indican que los métodos de Voltametría de Pulso Diferencial (DPV) y Ensayo de Inmunoabsorción Ligado a Enzimas (ELISA) proporcionan resultados altamente precisos y fiables en la detección de dopaje. No se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el uso de suero y orina como muestras de prueba. Además, los sensores de nanocompuestos demostraron ser más efectivos que los sensores regulares en la detección de sustancias dopantes con alta precisión. Los hallazgos clave de los resultados incluyen la ausencia de un efecto significativo que distinga entre los métodos DPV y ELISA (Z = 0.53, P = 0.60), la falta de heterogeneidad significativa entre los estudios analizados en relación con suero y orina (Chi² = 0.90, gl = 2, P = 0.64; Tau² = 0.00) y los sensores de nanocompuestos demostrando ser más efectivos que los sensores regulares (Z = 4.14, P < 0.0001; I² = 0%). En conclusión, la nanotecnología tiene un gran potencial para mejorar la detección de dopaje en el deporte. El uso de nanomateriales y nanosensores puede mejorar la sensibilidad, especificidad y precisión en la detección de sustancias dopantes, convirtiéndolo en una herramienta altamente efectiva para mantener la integridad y salud de los atletas. Este estudio proporciona una base sólida para el desarrollo de tecnologías de detección de dopaje basadas en nanotecnología más eficientes y efectivas en el futuro.
Palabras clave: Nanotecnología, dopaje, sensores, deportes, atletas.
Abstract. This study examines the effectiveness and accuracy of nanotechnology applications in doping detection within the athlete community. Nanotechnology offers a novel approach with potential in detecting doping substances more efficiently and accurately. The method used in this study is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and meta-analysis, with articles selected from the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases covering the years 2020-2024. The selection process employs the PRISMA method and includes only research articles relevant to the topic. A total of 13 studies were selected for further analysis. The meta-analysis results indicate that the Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) methods provide highly accurate and reliable results in doping detection. No significant differences were found between the use of serum and urine as test samples. Additionally, nanocomposite sensors proved to be more effective than regular sensors in detecting doping substances with high accuracy. Key findings from the results include no significant effect distinguishing between the DPV and ELISA methods (Z = 0.53, P = 0.60), no significant heterogeneity among the studies analyzed concerning serum and urine (Chi² = 0.90, df = 2, P = 0.64; Tau² = 0.00), and nanocomposite sensors proving to be more effective than regular sensors (Z = 4.14, P < 0.0001; I² = 0%). In conclusion, nanotechnology has great potential to enhance doping detection in sports. The use of nanomaterials and nanosensors can improve the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy in detecting doping substances, making it a highly effective tool for maintaining the integrity and health of athletes. This study provides a strong foundation for the development of more efficient and effective nanotechnology-based doping detection technologies in the future.
Keywords: Nanotechnology, doping, sensors, sports, athletes.
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