Efectos de un entrenamiento de fuerza y flexibilidad sobre el valgo de rodilla y dolor en mujeres jóvenes físicamente activas (Effects of strength and flexibility training on knee valgus and pain in adult women physically active adult women)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.107475Palabras clave:
Terapia de ejercicio, articulación de la rodilla, síndrome de dolor patelofemoral, ejercicio físico, adultos jóvenesResumen
El valgo de rodilla es una alineación medial de la articulación que afecta principalmente a las mujeres. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los efectos de un protocolo de entrenamiento de fuerza y flexibilidad sobre el valgo pasivo de rodilla (VPR), valgo dinámico de rodilla (VDR) y presencia de dolor en mujeres jóvenes físicamente activas. Treinta y cuatro mujeres universitarias, con edades entre 18 y 30 años, participaron en un programa de cuatro semanas de entrenamiento, que incluyó ejercicios con bandas elásticas (Therabands®). Las mediciones incluyeron el ángulo Q para VPR, la prueba de salto con aterrizaje (LESS) para VDR y la Escala Numérica Analógica (ENA) para la presencia de dolor. En los resultados: se encontró una disminución significativa en el VPR (p=0.0028), tamaño del efecto (d=0.20), con un cambio del -2.21%. En cuanto al VDR, se observaron reducciones significativas tanto en el primer aterrizaje (p<0.0001, d=0.34, cambio del -10.06%) como en el segundo aterrizaje (p=0.0226, d=0.13, cambio del -4,37%). La presencia de dolor también disminuyó significativamente (p=0.0019, d=0.89, cambio de -38.64%). Conclusión: Los resultados sugieren que un protocolo combinado de entrenamiento de fuerza y flexibilidad de cuatro semanas puede ser efectivo para reducir el VPR, VDR y el dolor en mujeres físicamente activas.
Palabras clave: Terapia de ejercicio; ejercicio físico; articulación de la rodilla; síndrome de dolor patelofemoral; adultos jóvenes.
Abstract. Introduction: Knee valgus is a medial alignment of the joint that primarily affects women. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of a strength and flexibility training protocol on passive knee valgus (PKV), dynamic knee valgus (DKV), and the presence of pain in physically active young women. Thirty-four college women, aged 18-30 years, participated in a four-week training program, which included exercises with TheraBand®. The measurements included the Q-angle for PKV, the Landing Escape Test (LESS) for DKV, and the Analog Numerical Scale (ENA) for the presence of pain. The results indicated a significant decrease in PKV (p=0.0028), effect size (d=0.20), with a change of -2.21%. About DKV, significant reductions were observed at both the initial and second landings. The first landing exhibited a p-value of less than 0.0001, with a d-value of 0.34, resulting in a 10.06% change. The second landing demonstrated a p-value of 0.0226, with a d-value of 0.13, resulting in a 4.37% change. Furthermore, the presence of pain was found to decrease significantly (p=0.0019, d=0.89, -38.64% change). It can be concluded that a four-week combined strength and flexibility training protocol may be effective in reducing PKV, DKV, and pain in physically active women.
Keywords: Exercise therapy; physical exercise; knee joint; patellofemoral pain syndrome; young adults.
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