An Indonesian Version of Mental Toughness Index: Testing Psychometric Properties in Athletes and Non-athletes

Authors

  • Miftah Fariz Prima Putra Universitas Cenderawasih https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0484-5460
  • Kurdi Kurdi Universitas Cenderawasih
  • Syahruddin Syahruddin Universitas Negeri Makassar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1667-2405
  • Sanusi Hasibuan Univeritas Negeri Medan
  • Albadi Sinulingga Universitas Negeri Medan
  • Ilham Kamaruddin Univeritas Negeri Makassar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9233-5240
  • Advendi Kristiyandaru Universitas Negeri Surabaya
  • Mashud Mashud Universitas Lambung Mangkurat
  • Imam Hariadi Universitas Negeri Malang
  • Tri Setyo Guntoro Universitas Cenderawasih
  • Sutoro Sutoro Universitas Cenderawasih
  • Evi Sinaga Universitas Cenderawasih
  • Ibrahim Ibrahim Universitas Cenderawasih https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9820-1465
  • Edi Setiawan Universitas Suryakancana
  • Mochamad Ridwan Univeritas Negeri Surabaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.106086

Keywords:

Mental toughness, psychometric, validation, sport psychology, athlete, non-athlete

Abstract

To date, the mental toughness index (MTI) has been adopted in five different languages ​​but there has been no attempt to adapt and test it in the Indonesian context. On the other hand, the study of mental toughness is experiencing an upward trend but there are problems with the measurement tools used. This research aims to adapt and test the MTI to the Indonesian context by involving athletes and non-athletes as well as gender differences. There were 400 participants, with details of the athlete group = 211 people (Mage = 19.18 years, SD = 1.06, Male = 146, Female = 65), non-athlete group = 189 people (Mage = 23.38 years, SD = 7.11, Male = 144, Female = 45), and based on gender, male = 290 people (Mage = 21.38 years, SD = 5.41), while female = 110 people (Mage = 20.61 years, SD = 5.24). MTI was tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with maximum likelihood (ML) assisted by the IBM SPSS v.26 and IBM Amos v. programs. 22. Overall, the Indonesian version of MTI (MTIid) shows model fit, namely the values ​​obtained are CFI = .967, TLI = .954, GFI = .966, SRMR = .034, and RMSEA = .069. Eight items in the MTIid have a convergent validity value that is statistically significant (p < 0.001) and the loading factor is very good (λ = .563 to .759), three items are in the excellent category, two items are very good, and three items are good. The internal consistency reliability of the MTIid was excellent (CR = .864; α = .862). MTIid is a valid and reliable measuring tool for measuring aspects of mental toughness, both in groups of athletes and non-athletes and based on gender differences (male and female).

Keywords: Mental toughness, psychometric, validation, sport psychology, athlete, non-athlete.

Author Biographies

Miftah Fariz Prima Putra, Universitas Cenderawasih

I am an associate professor of sport psychology at the University of Cenderawasih, Indonesia. I am interested and engaged in research on sport psychology, physical education, exercise, and sport pedagogy. I have written several books and papers in journals, conferences, and seminars.

Kurdi Kurdi, Universitas Cenderawasih

I am an associate professor of sport psychology at the University of Cenderawasih, Indonesia. I am interested and engaged in research on sport psychology, physical education, exercise, and sport pedagogy. I have written several books and papers in journals, conferences, and seminars.

Syahruddin Syahruddin, Universitas Negeri Makassar

I am a professor of sport science at the State University of Makassar, Indonesia. I am interested and engaged in research on physical education, learning models, exercise, and sport pedagogy. I have written several books and papers in journals, conferences, and seminars.

Sanusi Hasibuan, Univeritas Negeri Medan

I am a professor of sport science at the State University of Medan, Indonesia. I am interested and engaged in research on sport management, physical education, learning models, exercise, and sport pedagogy. I have written several books and papers in journals, conferences, and seminars.

Albadi Sinulingga, Universitas Negeri Medan

I am a professor of sport science at the State University of Medan, Indonesia. I am interested and engaged in research on sport management, physical education, learning models, exercise, and sport pedagogy. I have written several books and papers in journals, conferences, and seminars.

Ilham Kamaruddin, Univeritas Negeri Makassar

I am an associate professor of sport psychology at the State University of Makassar, Indonesia. I am interested and engaged in research on sport psychology, physical education, exercise, and sport pedagogy. I have written several books and papers in journals, conferences, and seminars.

Advendi Kristiyandaru, Universitas Negeri Surabaya

I am an associate professor of sport science at the State University of Surabaya, Indonesia. I am interested and engaged in research on sport management, physical education, learning models, exercise, and sport pedagogy. I have written several books and papers in journals, conferences, and seminars.

Mashud Mashud, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

I am an associate professor of sport science at the Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Indonesia. I am interested and engaged in research on sport management, physical education, learning models, exercise, and sport pedagogy. I have written several books and papers in journals, conferences, and seminars.

Imam Hariadi, Universitas Negeri Malang

I am an associate professor of sport science at the Universitas Negeri Malang, Indonesia. I am interested and engaged in research on sport management, physical education, learning models, exercise, and sport pedagogy. I have written several books and papers in journals, conferences, and seminars.

Tri Setyo Guntoro, Universitas Cenderawasih

I am a professor of sport science at the Universitas Cenderawasih, Indonesia. I am interested and engaged in research on sport management, physical education, learning models, exercise, and sport pedagogy. I have written several books and papers in journals, conferences, and seminars.

Sutoro Sutoro, Universitas Cenderawasih

I am a professor of sport science at the Universitas Cenderawasih, Indonesia. I am interested and engaged in research on sport management, physical education, learning models, exercise, and sport pedagogy. I have written several books and papers in journals, conferences, and seminars.

Evi Sinaga, Universitas Cenderawasih

I am an associate professor of sport nutrition at the University of Cenderawasih, Indonesia. I am interested and engaged in research on sport nutrition, sport psychology, and exercise. I have written several books and papers in journals, conferences, and seminars.

Ibrahim Ibrahim, Universitas Cenderawasih

I am an associate professor of sport psychology at the University of Cenderawasih, Indonesia. I am interested and engaged in research on sport psychology, physical education, and exercise. I have written several books and papers in journals, conferences, and seminars.

Edi Setiawan, Universitas Suryakancana

I am an associate professor of sport psychology at the Universitas Suryakancana, Indonesia. I am interested and engaged in research on sport psychology, physical education, and exercise. I have written several books and papers in journals, conferences, and seminars.

Mochamad Ridwan , Univeritas Negeri Surabaya

I am an associate professor of sport science at the State University of Surabaya, Indonesia. I am interested and engaged in research on sport management, physical education, learning models, exercise, and sport pedagogy. I have written several books and papers in journals, conferences, and seminars.

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Published

2024-04-29

How to Cite

Putra, M. F. P., Kurdi, K., Syahruddin, S., Hasibuan, S. ., Sinulingga, A. ., Kamaruddin, I. ., Kristiyandaru, A. ., Mashud, M., Hariadi, I. ., Guntoro, T. S., Sutoro, S., Sinaga, E., Ibrahim, I., Setiawan, E., & Ridwan , M. . (2024). An Indonesian Version of Mental Toughness Index: Testing Psychometric Properties in Athletes and Non-athletes. Retos, 55, 816–824. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v55.106086

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Vol. 55 (2024)

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Original Research Article

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