Rendimiento táctico y técnico en juegos reducidos de baloncesto: una revisión sistemática (Tactical and Technical Performance in Basketball Small-Sided Games: A Systematic Review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.104564Palabras clave:
entrenamiento de baloncesto, pedagogía esportiva, juegos condicionados, juegos reducidos, rendimiento técnico, comportamiento tácticoResumen
La capacidad de diseñar juegos reducidos (SSGs) mediante la manipulación del juego permite a los entrenadores adaptar los juegos a las necesidades específicas de los jugadores, fomentando así adaptaciones en su comportamiento a medida que se enfrentan a los desafíos presentados en los ejercicios. Dado el creciente volume de investigaciones originales sobre los SSGs en el baloncesto, estarevisión sistemática tiene como objetivo consolidar las agudas respuestas técnicas y tácticas observadas tanto en jugadores masculinos como femeninos, independientemente de su nivel competitivo. Se realizó una revisión sistemática basada en las recomendaciones PRISMA en las bases de datos PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus y Web of Science. Los criterios de elegibilidad abarcaron jugadores de baloncesto que habían estado expuestos a SSGs, sin el requisite de un grupo de comparación. Los resultados se centraron en acciones técnicas observadas y registradas (por ejemplo, pases, tiros) y/o comportamientos tácticos (individuales o coletivos). La síntesis de datos implicó recopilar los resultados técnicos y tácticos observados, así como los principals hallazgos de los estudios. Una búsqueda inicial en las bases de datos arrojó 1758 estudios. Luego del proceso de selección de estudios, se incluyeron 41 estudios en la síntese cualitativa, comprendiendo 922 participantes de ambos sexos que iban desde principiantes hasta jugadores profesionales. Los SSG analizados variaron desde formatos de juego de 1 contra 1 a 5 contra 5. Los hallazgos sugirieron que los SSGs con menos jugadores mostraron impactos positivos en el desempeño técnico y aumentaron la frecuencia de las acciones, además de favorecer el desarollo del comportamiento táctico y la toma de decisiones. Los resultados de la investigación indican que los SSGs que incorporan restricciones a las acciones de drible dan como resultado una mayor ocurrencia de acciones de pase.
Palabras clave: entrenamiento de baloncesto; pedagogía esportiva; juegos condicionados; juegos reducidos; rendimiento técnico; comportamiento táctico.
Abstract . The ability to design Small-sided games (SSGs) by manipulating the game allows coaches to align the games with players' specific needs, thereby fostering adaptations in their behavior as they engage with the challenges presented in the drills. Given the increasing volume of original research on SSGs in basketball, this systematic review aims to synthesize acute technical and tactical responses observed in players of both genders, irrespective of their competitive level. A systematic review was performed based on PRISMA recommendations in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science database. The eligibility criteria included basketball players who had participated in SSGs, without the necessity for a comparator group. Outcomes focused on observed and recorded technical actions (such as passes and shots) and/or tactical behaviors (individual or collective). Data synthesis comprised compiling the observed technical and tactical outcomes, along with the main findings of the studies. An initial database search returned 1,758 studies. After the study selection process, 41 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis, comprising 922 participants of both sexes that ranged from beginners to professional players. The analyzed SSGs ranged from 1 vs. 1 to 5 vs. 5 game formats. Findings suggested that SSGs with fewer players demonstrated positive effects on technical performance and increased action frequency, while also fostering tactical behavior and decision-making. Moreover, research indicated that SSGs incorporating restrictions on dribbling actions led to a higher occurrence of passing actions.
Keywords: basketball training; sports pedagogy; conditioned games; small-sided games; technical performance; tactical behavior.
Citas
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