Efectos de la sauna de infrarrojos, la sauna tradicional y la inmersión en agua caliente en la recuperación acelerada del ejercicio y la prevención del daño celular: un estudio experimental (Effects of infrared sauna, traditional sauna, and warm water immersion on accelerated exercise recovery and prevention of cell damage: an experimental study)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.103298Palabras clave:
sauna de infrarrojos, sauna tradicional, inmersión en agua caliente, recuperación, daño celular muscularResumen
Los objetivos de este estudio fueron investigar los efectos de la sauna de infrarrojos de una sola sesión, la sauna tradicional, la inmersión en agua caliente y la recuperación pasiva de la fatiga y el daño celular muscular en atletas y no atletas. Participaron en este estudio ocho atletas masculinos de bádminton y ocho no atletas masculinos. Los participantes en el estudio fueron tratados con actividad física submáxima evaluada mediante ergómetro, y luego se recuperaron con diferentes modalidades. Cada tratamiento estuvo separado por una semana de período de descanso mediante un diseño cruzado aleatorio. Las modalidades de recuperación de sauna de infrarrojos (IRS) fueron 45±2°C, sauna tradicional (TRS) 40±2°C, inmersión en agua caliente (WWI) 40±2°C, y recuperación pasiva (PAS) durante 20 minutos. Se evaluaron el lactato en sangre, la creatina quinasa, la glucosa en sangre, la frecuencia cardiaca, la temperatura corporal y el nivel de dolor, inmediatamente después de la actividad física (pre), después de la recuperación (post), y después de 40 minutos sentados (post-40min). Nuestros resultados indicaron que el IAM y el SRI fueron eficaces para reducir la fatiga en atletas y no atletas. Además, el PAS y el TRS previnieron el daño muscular en no deportistas tras 60 minutos de actividad física. Todas las modalidades térmicas redujeron la BGL. El menor dolor se registró durante la modalidad ETR, mientras que la modalidad PAS tendió a causar dolor intenso. Las mediciones de la temperatura corporal no fueron significativamente diferentes entre las modalidades. Según nuestros datos, la WWI es más eficaz para aumentar la recuperación y prevenir el daño de las células musculares en los atletas. Por otra parte, el IRS y el TRS son más eficaces para la recuperación en no deportistas. Es necesario realizar más investigaciones con diferentes sujetos deportistas, diferentes tipos de ejercicio, diferentes biomarcadores y pruebas de rendimiento físico.
Palabras clave: sauna de infrarrojos; sauna tradicional; inmersión en agua caliente; recuperación; daño celular muscular
Abstract. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of single session infrared sauna, traditional sauna, warm water immersion, and passive recovery from fatigue and muscle cell damage in athletes and nonathletes. Eight male badminton athletes and eight male nonathletes participated in this study. The study participants were treated with submaximal physical activity assessed by ergometer, then recovered with different modalities. Each treatment was separated by one week of a resting period through a randomized crossover design. The recovery modalities of infrared sauna (IRS) were 45±2°C, traditional sauna (TRS) 40±2°C, warm water immersion (WWI) 40±2°C, and passive recovery (PAS) for 20 minutes. Blood lactate, creatine kinase, blood glucose, heart rate, body temperature and level of pain were assessed, immediately after physical activity (pre), after recovery (post), and after 40 minutes of sitting (post-40min). Our findings indicated that the WWI and IRS were effective reducing fatigue in athletes and nonathletes. Moreover, PAS and TRS prevented muscle damage in nonathletes after 60 minutes of physical activity. All the thermal modalities decreased the BGL. The least amount of pain reported during the WWI modality, while the PAS modality tended to cause severe pain. Body temperature measurements were not significantly different among the modalities. According to our data, the WWI is more effective at increasing recovery and preventing muscle cell damage in athletes. Moreover, IRS and TRS are more effective for recovery in nonathletes. Further research needs to be conducted with different sports subjects, different types of exercise, different biomarkers, and physical performance tests.
Keywords: infrared sauna; traditional sauna; warm water immersion; recovery; muscle cell damage
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