Comparación de las barreras a la actividad física con los niveles de actividad física y bienestar psicológico en función del entorno demográfico en el grupo de discapacidad visual (Comparison of barriers to physical activity to levels of physical activity and psychological well-being based on the demographic environment in the vision impairment disability group)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.108122Palabras clave:
Barrier Physical Activity, health, fitness and wellness, influencer, Psychological wellbeingResumen
Las posibles barreras a la actividad física que experimenta el grupo de personas con discapacidad vision están relacionadas con la mayor prevalencia de inactividad y trastornos del bienestar psicológico. Investigaciones anteriores sólo identificaron barreras a la actividad física sin analizar en profundidad los niveles de actividad física y el bienestar psicológico. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las diferencias en las barreras a la actividad física en función de tres entornos demográficos diferentes en cuanto a niveles de actividad física y bienestar psicológico. El método utilizado fue inferencial cuantitativo con un enfoque de diseño transversal que involucró a 90 encuestados registrados en la Asociación Indonesia de Ciegos. Los datos se recopilaron mediante el Cuestionario de barreras para personas con discapacidad vision (BPAQ-VI), la Escala de bienestar psicológico (PWBS) y la Actividad física de práctica general (GPPAQ). Los datos se procesaron utilizando la prueba ANOVA unidireccional y Tukey HSD a través de SPSS versión 26. Los resultados del estudio indicaron que había diferencias en las barreras para la actividad física, el nivel de actividad física y el bienestar psicológico en el grupo con discapacidad vision que Vivían en el centro de la ciudad, los suburbios y las zonas rurales. (p<0,000). Se concluyó que el grupo con discapacidad vision que vivía en centros urbanos tenía obstáculos mínimos en comparación con el grupo con discapacidad vision que vivía en áreas suburbanas y rurales. El grupo de personas con discapacidad vision que vive en el centro de la ciudad tiene mejores niveles de actividad física y bienestar psicológico que el grupo de personas con discapacidad que vive en los suburbios y zonas rurales. Esta investigación tiene un impacto en aumentar el número de personas influyentes en el estado físico y el bienestar en el grupo con discapacidad vision y crear conciencia entre los practicantes de deportes para crear métodos y programas de entrenamiento innovadores que sean amigables para el grupo con discapacidad vision.
Palabras clave: Actividad Física Barrera, salud, fitness y bienestar, influencer, Bienestar psicológico.
Abstract. Barriers to physical activity in vision impairment are associated with increased inactivity and psychological well-being problems. Previous research has only identified constraints in physical activity without conducting an in-depth analysis of physical activity levels and psychological well-being. This study aims to explore the differences in physical activity barriers based on three different demographic environments regarding physical activity levels and psychological well-being. The method used was quantitative inferential with a cross-sectional design approach involving 90 respondents registered with the Indonesia Association of the Blind. Data were collected using the Barrier Questionnaire for People with Vision Impairment (BPAQ-VI), the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS), and General Practice Physical Activity (GPPAQ). The data was processed using the one-way ANOVA test and the Tukey HSD via SPSS version 26. The study's results stated differences in physical activity barriers, physical activity levels, and psychological well-being in vision impairment groups living in urban centres, suburbs, and rural areas (p<0.05). It was concluded that the visionly impaired disability group living in the city centre had minimal barriers compared to the vision impairment group living in suburban and rural areas. Vision impairment groups living in urban centres have better physical activity and psychological well-being than those living in suburbs and rural areas. The study contributed to an increase in the number of fitness influencers among those with vision impairment. It raised awareness among sports practitioners to design innovative and friendly exercise methods and programs for the group.
Keywords: Barrier Physical Activity, health, fitness and wellness, environment, psychological well-being, blind.
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