Efectividad del Ejercicio Neuromuscular en Individuos con Dolor Lumbar: Una Revisión Narrativa (Effectiveness of Neuromuscular Exercise in Individuals with Low Back Pain: A Narrative Review)
Exercícios neuromusculares na lombalgia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v54.102993Palabras clave:
Palabras clave: Ejercicios neuromusculares, Lumbalgia, Postura lumbar, Estabilización, Rehabilitación, Estabilidad del núcleo, Control motorResumen
Objetivo: La lumbalgia, una de las principales causas de discapacidad a nivel mundial, impone una considerable carga económica en el ámbito de la salud pública. Los ejercicios neuromusculares (NMS) pueden reducir la recurrencia del dolor lumbar, pero no se ha establecido el programa más eficáz. Esta revisión narrativa tuvo como objetivoevaluar la evidencia sobre el efecto de los ejercicios NMS en pacientes con dolor lumbar. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura electrónica desde abril de 2000 hasta julio de 2023. La búsqueda bibliografica se realizó en cinco bases de datos (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar y Science Direct). Todos los artículos analizados en este estudio fueron ensayos controlados aleatorios (ECA). Se utilizó la escala PEDro para evaluar la calidad metodológica de los artículos. Resultados: Se seleccionaron e incluyeron cinco ECA. Los ECA mostraron que los ejercicios NMS reducen la intensidad del dolor, mejoran el control del movimiento lumbar y la función física y previenen el dolor lumbar. Los estudios también demostraron que los ejercicios NMS son ejercicios dirigidos a mejorar el control, la flexibilidad y la fuerza de los músculos lumbares. La puntuación de PEDro oscila entre 5 y 7, lo que destaca varias cuestiones metodológicas. Conclusión: Los resultados de este estudi sugiere que los ejercicios NMS pueden tener un impacto positivo en la intensidad del dolor en el dolor lumbar.
Palabras clave: Lumbalgia, Ejercicios neuromusculares, Dolor lumbar, Postura lumbar, Estabilización, Rehabilitación, Estabilidad central, Control motor.
Abstract. Aim: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, with a huge economic burden on public health. Neuromuscular (NMS) exercises may reduce LBP recurrence, but the most effective program has not been established. This narrative review aimed to collect evidence on the effect of NMS exercises in patients with LBP. Methods: A narrative review of the electronic literature from April 2000 to July 2023 was conducted. The electronic search was performed on five databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Science Direct). All articles analysed in this study were randomized controlled trials (RCTs). The PEDro scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the articles. Results: Five RCTs were selected and included.The RCTs showed that NMS exercises reduce pain intensity, improve lumbar movement control and physical function, and prevent LBP. Studies also showed that NMS exercises are targeted to improve the control, flexibility, and strength of lumbar muscles. The PEDro score ranges from 5 to 7, highlighting several methodological issues. Conclusion: The findings of this narrative review indicate that NMS exercises can reduce pain intensity in LBP. However, the research on NMS exercises’ effects on LBP is very limited and should be interpreted with caution due to the methodological limitations.
Keywords: Neuromuscular exercises, Low back pain, Lumbar posture, Stabilization, Rehabilitation, Core stability, Motor control.
Citas
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