Validation of a questionnaire on knowledge, attitudes, and healthcare approaches to female genital mutilation among nursing students: A pilot study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.23938/ASSN.1123Keywords:
Genital Mutilation, Female, Surveys and Questionnaires, Validation Study, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Students, NursingAbstract
Background. This study aimed to develop and validate a self-administered questionnaire to comprehensively assess knowledge, attitudes, and healthcare approaches to female genital mutilation among nursing students.
Methodology. A cross-sectional pilot study was conducted with third-year nursing students at the Faculty of Nursing, University of Murcia (Cartagena campus, Spain), using convenience sampling. The questionnaire was developed based on an extensive literature review of existing instruments assessing knowledge, attitudes, and healthcare practices related to female genital mutilation. An expert panel individually reviewed the content, and through consensus discussions with the authors, determined which items to include. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's alpha (α).
Results. Thirty-seven students participated in the study, 89.2% of whom were females, with ages ranging from 20 to 56 years. About 27% reported no prior professional healthcare experience. The questionnaire comprised 15 single- and multiple-choice questions organized into three dimensions: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Health Approach to female genital mutilation. The overall internal consistency was good with a global α=0.838 (95% CI: 31.00-35.59).
Conclusions. Preliminary findings suggest that this questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for assessing nursing student´s knowledge of female genital mutilation, their attitudes towards it, and knowledge about its clinical approach.
Downloads
References
1. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Mutilación genital femenina. Consultado el 4 de marzo de 2024. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation
2. UNICEF. Mutilación genital femenina (MGF). Consultado el 25 de noviembre de 2023. https://data.unicef.org/topic/child-protection/female-genital-mutilation/
3. Farouki L, El-Dirani Z, Abdulrahim S, Akl C, Akik C, McCall SJ. The global prevalence of female genital mutilation/cutting: A systematic review and meta-analysis of national, regional, facility, and school-based studies. Plos Med 2022; 19(9): e1004061. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1004061
4. Organización Mundial de la Salud. Mutilación genital femenina. Consultado el 25 de febrero de 2025. https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/female-genital-mutilation
5. Evangelidou S, Cuxart-Graell A, Zucchelli E, Gonçalves AQ, Cruz A, Sequeira E et al. Female genital mutilation among migrants in Spain: healthcare system responses and challenges. J Travel Med 2024; 31(6): taae085. https://doi.org/10.1093/jtm/taae085
6. Kaplan A, Ajenjo M, López Gay A. Mapa de la mutilación genital femenina en España 2021. Bellaterra: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Fundación Wassu-UAB, 2022. https://ddd.uab.cat/record/269840
7. Buggio L, Facchin F, Chiappa L, Barbara G, Brambilla M, Vercellini P. Psychosexual consequences of female genital mutilation and the impact of reconstructive surgery: A narrative review. Health Equity 2019; 3(1): 36-46. https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2018.0036
8. Almeer HH, Almulla AA, Almugahwi AA, Alzaher MZ, Alshammasi MM, Menezes RG. Female genital mutilation in Saudi Arabia: A systematic review. Cureus J Med Sci 2021; 13(11): e19300. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.19300
9. González-Timoneda A, González-Timoneda M, Cano Sánchez A, Ruiz Ros V. Female genital mutilation consequences and healthcare received among migrant women: A phenomenological qualitative study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18(13): 7195. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18137195
10. Fuentes Vich M. Implicaciones de la enfermería en la mutilación genital femenina. Trabajo Fin de Grado, curso 2019/20. Universidad de las Islas Baleares. Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia. http://dspace.uib.es/xmlui/handle/11201/153339
11. Martín Molina Y. Competencias de los profesionales de la salud en el abordaje de la mutilación genital femenina. Trabajo Fin de Grado, curso 2018/19. Universidad de las Islas Baleares. Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia. http://dspace.uib.es/xmlui/handle/11201/151839
12. Sánchez Sánchez E, Fernández Caballero A, Soler Moreno G. Mutilación genital femenina: Conocimientos del profesional sanitario y estudiantado de enfermería. Metas Enferm 2019; 22(5): 14-20. https://doi.org/10.35667/MetasEnf.2019.22.1003081429
13. Molina-Gallego B, Mordillo-Mateos L, de Corral GM, Gómez-Cantarino S, Polonio-López B, Ugarte-Gurrutxaga MI. Female genital mutilation: Knowledge and skills of health professionals. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9(8): 974. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9080974
14. Correa Ventura N, Báez Quintana D. Female Genital Mutilation: Knowledge, attitudes and practices of health professionals on the island of Tenerife. Do we live with our backs to this reality? Rev Esp Salud Publica 2021; 95: e202109120. https://www.sanidad.gob.es/biblioPublic/publicaciones/recursos_propios/resp/revista_cdrom/VOL95/ORIGINALES/RS95C_202109120.pdf
15. Mehriban N, Zafar Ullah AN, Haque MI, Harun MGD, Isse DM, Muhammad F et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of female health care service providers on female genital mutilation in Somalia: A cross-sectional study. Womens Health (Lond) 2023; 19: 17455057231199032. https://doi.org/10.1177/17455057231199032
16. Ziyada MM, Johansen REB, Berthelsen M, Lien IL, Bendiksen B. Factors associated with general practitioners’ routines and comfortability with assessing female genital cutting: A cross-sectional survey. BMC Health Serv Res 2023; 23(1): 82. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-023-09085-4
17. Kouta C, Kofou E, Githui S, Odhiambo R, Rousou E, Wagoro MCA. Knowledge and attitudes among nurses and midwives in Cyprus and Kenya regarding female genital mutilation (FGM): A comparative study. Women Stud Int Forum 2023; 96: 102676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wsif.2023.102676
18. Hamdy A, Aboushady AT, Abd El Moty HI, ELShobary MOM, Bassiouny Y et al. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of female genital mutilation/cutting among healthcare providers in two public hospitals in Egypt: A cross-sectional study. PLOS Glob Public Health 2023; 3(12): e0002724. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0002724
19. Frías-Navarro, D. Apuntes de estimación de la fiabilidad de consistencia interna de los ítems de un instrumento de medida. Universidad de Valencia, España, 2024. https://www.uv.es/friasnav/AlfaCronbach.pdf
20. Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Patrick DL, Alonso J, Stratford PW, Knol DL et al. The COSMIN study reached international consensus on taxonomy, terminology, and definitions of measurement properties for health-related patient-reported outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol 2010; 63(7): 737-745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.02.006
21. Marea CX, Warren N, Glass N, Johnson-Agbakwu C, Perrin N. Factors associated with health care provider attitudes, and confidence for the care of women and girls affected by female genital mutilation/cutting. Health Equity 2021; 5(1): 329-337. https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2020.0130
22. Alcón Belchí C, Jiménez Ruiz I, Pastor Bravo MM, Almansa Martínez P. Algoritmo de actuación en la prevención de la mutilación genital femenina. Estudio de casos desde atención primaria. Aten Primaria 2016; 48(3): 200-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2015.08.004
23. Dirección General de Asistencia Sanitaria. Servicio Murciano de Salud. Protocolo para la prevención y actuación sanitaria ante la mutilación genital femenina en la Región de Murcia. https://violenciagenero.igualdad.gob.es/wp-content/uploads/MURCIA2017Protocolo.pdf
24. Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad. Protocolo común para la actuación sanitaria ante la mutilación genital femenina (MGF) Madrid: Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad, 2015. https://violenciagenero.igualdad.gob.es/wp-content/uploads/Protocolo_MGF_vers5feb2015.pdf
25. Sequeira-Aymar E, diLollo X, Osorio-Lopez Y, Gonçalves AQ, Subirà C, Requena-Méndez A. Recomendaciones para el cribado de enfermedad infecciosa, salud mental y mutilación genital femenina en pacientes inmigrantes atendidos en Atención Primaria. Aten Primaria 2020; 52(3): 193-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aprim.2019.02.005
26. Unión de Asociaciones Familiares (UNAF). Guía para abordar la mutilación genital femenina en las entrevistas con niñas y/o sus familias. Madrid: UNAF, 2020. https://unaf.org/publicaciones/guia-de-entrevistas-mgf/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
La revista Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra es publicada por el Departamento de Salud del Gobierno de Navarra (España), quien conserva los derechos patrimoniales (copyright ) sobre el artículo publicado y favorece y permite la difusión del mismo bajo licencia Creative Commons Reconocimiento-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-SA 4.0). Esta licencia permite copiar, usar, difundir, transmitir y exponer públicamente el artículo, siempre que siempre que se cite la autoría y la publicación inicial en Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra, y se distinga la existencia de esta licencia de uso.


