Aplicações da Oxidação Máxima de Gordura e FATmax na avaliação do desempenho esportivo em atletas de endurance: uma revisão narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.95197Palavras-chave:
deporte, fisiología del ejercicio, alto rendimiento deportivo, metabolismo, entrenamiento físicoResumo
O uso diferencial de substratos energéticos (lipídios e carboidratos) durante a competição esportiva tem sido proposto como fator determinante do desempenho esportivo. Portanto, a presente revisão tem como objetivos: (i) descrever a associação da oxidação máxima de gordura (MFO) e sua correspondente intensidade (FATmax) com indicadores de desempenho esportivo em atletas de endurance, (ii) relatar o fenótipo metabólico de atletas pertencentes para diferentes disciplinas esportivas. Resultados dois: FATmax e MFO estão diretamente associados entre si, no entanto, apenas o MFO está positivamente associado ao tempo de corrida em atletas de triatlo, esquiadores cross-country profissionais e corredores de ultramaratona. Nessas populações, o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx) apresenta correlação positiva com a MFO, enquanto a idade apresenta associação inversa com a MFO. Tanto o FATmax quanto o MFO foram estudados em poucas disciplinas esportivas. Por outro lado, o MFO difere entre atletas de diferentes disciplinas esportivas, sendo maior em corredores de longa distância e esquiadores profissionais vs. ciclistas (0,55±0,09 vs. 0,48±0,05 g∙min-1), apesar das semelhanças no VO2máx e massa livre de gordura. Embora o MFO relatado em atletas de handebol, vôlei e basquete (0,59±0,24 g∙min-1), bem como em jogadores profissionais de futebol (0,69±0,15 g∙min-1), seja superior aos valores observados em corredores esquiadores de longa distância e elite. Conclusão: A relação entre MFO e FATmax com o desempenho esportivo varia de acordo com a idade, modalidade esportiva e gênero dos atletas, observando-se um fenótipo metabólico particular para cada modalidade esportiva. Portanto, além de medir o VO2máx e a intensidade de trabalho correspondente ao limiar de lactato ou segundo limiar ventilatório, recomenda-se incorporar o MFO e o FATmáx nas avaliações fisiológicas de atletas para otimizar seu desempenho físico.
Palavras-chave: esporte, fisiologia do exercício, alto rendimento esportivo, metabolismo, treinamento físico.
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