Efeitos de 8 semanas de exercício excêntrico e terapia por ondas de choque extracorpóreas no tecido tendinoso, dor percebida e potência e força muscular em atletas diagnosticados com tendinopatia patelar: um estudo longitudinal
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v47.93378Palavras-chave:
Injury, Physiotherapy, Rehabilitation, Recovery, Return to play, TendinopathyResumo
Introdução: A tendinopatia patelar (TP) é uma lesão com alta prevalência em atletas que causa dor, perda de força e níveis de desempenho esportivo. Objetivo: analisar os efeitos de 8 semanas de um programa conservador de reabilitação física que combina exercício excêntrico (EE), alongamento, terapia por ondas de choque extracorpórea (ESWT) e terapia manual no tecido tendinoso, dor percebida e potência e força muscular em atletas diagnosticados com PT. Material e métodos: Oito atletas com diagnóstico de PT, realizaram 8 semanas de EE, alongamento e ESWT. No início (PRE), em 4 semanas (INT) e no final da intervenção de 8 semanas (POST), os participantes realizaram um teste de salto de contramovimento (CMJ) e um teste de agachamento gradual nas costas (BS) para determinar potência de pico (PP), velocidade média em PP (PPMV) e carga levantada (PPKG). Além disso, um teste máximo de 5 repetições (5-RM) foi avaliado no exercício de extensão de perna, dor percebida usando a escala do Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment-Patella (VISA-P) e espessura no joelho lesionado e não lesionado. Resultados: Foi relatado uma menor espessura do tendão POST vs. PRE no joelho lesionado (p=0,045), e valores menores em relação ao joelho não lesionado no PRE (p=0,004), e INT (p=0,025), mas não no POST (p=0,123). Os testes CMJ e 5-RM mostraram diferenças estatísticas POST vs. PRÉ e INT (p<0,05). Em relação ao BS, foram relatadas diferenças no PPKG PÓS vs PRÉ (p=0,033) e INT (p=0,007), enquanto que no PP foram encontradas diferenças no PÓS vs PRÉ (p=0,037). Conclusões: 8 semanas de EE, alongamento, ESWT e terapia manual induzem efeitos positivos na cicatrização do tecido tendinoso, potência muscular de membros inferiores e desempenho de força em atletas com TP.
Palavras-chave: Lesão, Fisioterapia, Reabilitação, Recuperação, Retorno ao jogo, Tendinopatia.
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