Efeitos de programas de exercício na saúde metabólica e na composição corporal de adolescentes com obesidade: revisão sistemática
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.107171Palavras-chave:
Obesidade, Saúde metabólica, Composição corporal, Treino de resistência, HDL, LDL, Treino aeróbioResumo
Introdução: A prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade é um problema de saúde pública global, afetando tanto adultos como crianças. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática é analisar a literatura que descreva os efeitos de programas de exercício na saúde metabólica e na composição corporal de adolescentes com obesidade. Métodos: Para esta revisão sistemática foi realizada uma pesquisa literária em bases de dados como PubMed e SPORTDiscus, aplicando a estratégia PICOS para a busca de palavras-chave, envolveu um processo de seleção de três etapas por dois autores independentes, no qual foi recolhida dados sobre a caracterização dos estudos e avaliou o risco de viés dos usando a ferramenta Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal. Resultados: Os 18 estudos analisados abordaram a composição corporal, perfil lipídico, metabolismo dos hidratos, aptidão cardiovascular, aptidão física e atividade física, e a hormona do stress em adolescentes obesos, notando-se melhorias na maioria dos parâmetros, incluindo reduções no peso, gordura corporal, perímetro da cintura, LDL, insulina, glicose e cortisol, bem como aumentos na HDL, VO2máx, VO2peak e minutos de atividade por dia. Conclusões: Treino regular foi visto como sendo eficaz para controlar o peso e promover saúde em crianças com excesso de peso, combinando o treino aeróbio e resistência, sendo que programas individualizados sejam cruciais. O estudo apresenta algumas limitações, as amostras pequenas e duração curta limitam a generalização e avaliação de resultados a longo prazo. Estudos futuros devem procurar implementar intervenções de longo prazo e programas de treino com envolvimento familiar para sustentabilidade e sucesso.
Palavras-chave: Obesidade, Saúde metabólica, composição corporal, Treino aeróbio, Treino de resistência, HDL, LDL.
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