Effects of exercise programs on metabolic health and body composition in adolescents with obesity: a systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.107171Keywords:
Obesity, Metabolic health, Body composition, Aerobic training, Resistance training, HDL, LDLAbstract
Introduction: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is a global public health problem, affecting both adults and children. The aim of this systematic review is to analyse the literature describing the effects of exercise programs on metabolic health and body composition in adolescents with obesity. Methods: For this systematic review, a literature search was carried out in databases such as PubMed and SPORTDiscus, applying the PICOS strategy for keyword searching, involving a three-step selection process by two independent authors, in which data was collected on the characterization of the studies and the risk of bias of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal tool. Results: The 18 studies analysed addressed body composition, lipid profile, carbohydrate metabolism, cardiovascular fitness, physical fitness and activity, and stress hormone in obese adolescents, noting improvements in most parameters, including reductions in weight, body fat, waist circumference, LDL, insulin, glucose and cortisol, as well as increases in HDL, VO2max, VO2peak and minutes of activity per day. Conclusions: Regular training was found to be effective in controlling weight and promoting health in overweight children, combining aerobic and resistance training, with individualized programs being crucial. The study has some limitations, the small sample size and short duration limit generalization and evaluation of long-term results. Future studies should seek to implement long-term interventions and training programs with family involvement for sustainability and success.
Keywords: Obesity, Metabolic health, Body composition, Aerobic training, Resistance training, HDL, LDL.
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