Impacto de las intervenciones de autogestión de la salud sobre los mediadores psicológicos y los resultados en jóvenes con obesidad - una revisión sistemática de la literatura (Impact of health self-management interventions on psychological mediators and outcomes in young people with obesity - a systematic literature review)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v59.107218Palabras clave:
Obesidad infantil, Autogestión de la salud, Mediadores psicológicos;, Resultados psicológicos, Calidad de vida, Imagen corporal, AutoestimaResumen
Introducción: la obesidad infantil es un problema de salud pública mundial, ya que alrededor del 29% de los niños de entre siete y nueve años viven con sobrepeso. Las enfermedades crónicas como la obesidad y los trastornos mentales son cada vez más prevalentes en niños y adolescentes jóvenes. El objetivo de esta revisión es identificar, describir y verificar el impacto de las intervenciones de autocontrol de la salud sobre los mediadores psicológicos y los resultados de los jóvenes con obesidad. Métodos: La búsqueda se realizó en tres bases de datos: PubMed, SportDiscus y PsycInfo. La selección de estudios se dividió en: evaluación del título y resumen, revisión del texto completo y discusión de discrepancias. Durante la fase de extracción de datos, se recogieron diversas características de los estudios. La evaluación del riesgo de sesgo de los estudios se realizó mediante la herramienta Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal (JBCA). Resultados: Los 14 estudios seleccionados fueron publicados entre 1994 y 2022. La muestra total de los estudios incluyó 3236 participantes, con edades comprendidas entre los ocho y los 19 años. En los estudios se evaluaron diversos parámetros de salud mental, con 10 variables diferentes. Las variables más relevantes incluyeron la calidad de vida, la satisfacción con la imagen corporal, la motivación intrínseca y la autoestima. Conclusiones: las intervenciones de autocontrol de la salud pueden tener un impacto positivo en diversos mediadores psicológicos y resultados en jóvenes con obesidad. Los resultados deben interpretarse con cautela, dado el elevado número de estudios con riesgo de sesgo moderado y alto.
Palabras clave: Intervenciones, Autogestión de la salud; Variables psicológicas; Obesidad infantil, Adolescentes.
Abstract. Introduction: Childhood obesity is a global public health problem, with around 29% of children aged between seven and nine living with excess weight. Chronic diseases such as obesity and mental disorders are increasingly prevalent in children and young adolescents. The aim of this review is to identify, describe and verify the impact of health self-management interventions on the psychological mediators and outcomes of young people with obesity. Methods: The search was carried out in three databases: PubMed, SportDiscus and PsycInfo. The selection of studies was divided into: evaluation of the title and abstract, review of the full text and discussion of discrepancies. During the data extraction phase, various characteristics of the studies were collected. The assessment of the risk of bias of the studies was carried out using the Joanna Briggs Critical Appraisal (JBCA) tool. Results: The 14 selected studies were published between 1994 and 2022. The total sample of the studies included 3236 participants, aged between eight and 19. Various mental health parameters were assessed in the studies, with 10 different variables. The most relevant variables included quality of life, body image satisfaction, intrinsic motivation and self-esteem. Conclusions: Health self-management interventions can have a positive impact on various psychological mediators and outcomes in young people with obesity. The results should be interpreted with caution, given the high number of studies with moderate and high risk of bias.
Keywords: Interventions, Health self-management; Psychological variables; Childhood obesity, Adolescents.
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