Avaliação e prescrição do salto vertical e horizontal em jogadores de futebol. Revisão narrativa
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v52.101834Palavras-chave:
Acciones balísticas, salto en cuclillas, salto con contra movimiento y fútbol. (Ballistic actions, squat jump, countermovement jump, soccer and football).Resumo
As ações balísticas, como os saltos, são decisivas no resultado de uma partida de futebol. Portanto, sua avaliação, quantificação e otimização poderão ser conclusivas para o atleta. O objetivo deste trabalho de revisão narrativa foi detalhar os tipos de saltos verticais e horizontais mais utilizados e confiáveis para avaliação de ações balísticas, expondo a definição dos protocolos e sugerindo metodologias de treinamento baseadas em evidências científicas. A metodologia seguiu as recomendações PRISMA, para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica nas bases de dados Pubmed e Web of Science. Os resultados mostraram que o salto vertical e o salto com contra movimento são os saltos mais utilizados para avaliação e otimização do desempenho, assim como o salto horizontal com contra movimento com as mãos fixas na cintura e com as mãos livres. Foram observadas correlações significativas com efeitos moderados entre os valores dos sprints de 5 me 15 m com o salto vertical (r = -0,47 a -0,54; p < 0,01) e com o salto horizontal (r = -0,60 a -0,68; p < 0,01). O salto horizontal foi um melhor preditor no sprint de 20 m do que o salto vertical (r = -0,73 a -0,86 vs -0,52 a -0,73 p < 0,01). Portanto, conclui-se que a avaliação da altura do salto vertical ou horizontal pode auxiliar os profissionais do esporte a planejar os estímulos mais adequados para a otimização do desempenho.
Palavras-chave: Ações balísticas, agachamento, salto com contra-movimento e futebol.
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