Revisión de la obesidad como concepto científico (Obesity review as a scientific concept)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.87555Palabras clave:
Obesidad, concepto, ciencia, investigación, conocimiento, (Obesity, concept, science, research, knowledge)Resumen
El lenguaje según Noam Chomsky, es una capacidad innata que puede emplearse para comunicar la ciencia. Analizar el término obesidad como concepto científico, permitirá su correcto abordaje epistemológico para contribuir con la investigación científica multidisciplinaria que busca reducir esta pandemia. La obesidad es una acumulación excesiva de grasa corporal, por encima de las necesidades fisiológicas y capacidad de adaptación, que puede conducir a efectos adversos para la salud, como una discapacidad. Se considera un estado en el que el tejido adiposo representa más del 20% del peso corporal total en hombres y el 25% en mujeres. Un IMC de 30 kg/m2 o más se cataloga como obesidad. Desde una perspectiva genética, la obesidad es clasificada en tres subdivisiones de acuerdo con el trastorno y número de genes involucrados: monogénica, sindrómica y poligénica. Para las ciencias sociales, involucra un problema sociocultural injertado en una predisposición a nivel individual. Desde la perspectiva evolutiva, el cuerpo humano no está desarrollado para la exposición constante a un ambiente rico en calorías y sedentario. Comprender las perspectivas teóricas actuales que conceptualizan a la obesidad, estipulada como patología en sí misma, como factor de riesgo para las demás enfermedades no transmisibles y como etiología indirecta de discapacidad, permitirá que la investigación científica pueda desarrollarse con panoramas más amplios, a través de su diseño con variables, categorías y teorías mixtas, que permitan formular hipótesis y explicaciones con un enfoque multidisciplinario, en concordancia con la etiología multifactorial de la obesidad.
Abstract. Language according to Noam Chomsky, is an innate ability that can be used to communicate science. Analyzing the term obesity as a scientific concept will allow its correct epistemological approach to contribute to multidisciplinary scientific research that seeks to reduce this pandemic. Obesity is an excessive accumulation of body fat, in excess of physiological needs and adaptability, which can lead to adverse health effects, such as disability. It is considered a state in which adipose tissue represents more than 20% of total body weight in men and 25% in women. A BMI of 30 kg / m2 or more is classified as obesity. From a genetic perspective, obesity is classified into three subdivisions according to the disorder and number of genes involved: monogenic, syndromic and polygenic. For the social sciences, it involves a sociocultural problem grafted onto a predisposition at the individual level. From an evolutionary perspective, the human body is not developed for constant exposure to a calorie-rich and sedentary environment. Understanding the current theoretical perspectives that conceptualize obesity, stipulated as a pathology in itself, as a risk factor for other non-communicable diseases and as an indirect etiology of disability, will allow scientific research to be developed with broader perspectives, through its design with mixed variables, categories and theories, which allow the formulation of hypotheses and explanations with a multidisciplinary approach, in accordance with the multifactorial etiology of obesity.
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Derechos de autor 2021 Sagrario Lobato Huerta, Juan Víctor Moneda Rovira, Yaneth Martínez Tovilla, José Hugo Eloy Meléndez Aguilar
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Los autores que publican en esta revista están de acuerdo con los siguientes términos:
- Los autores conservan los derechos de autor y garantizan a la revista el derecho de ser la primera publicación de su obra, el cuál estará simultáneamente sujeto a la licencia de reconocimiento de Creative Commons que permite a terceros compartir la obra siempre que se indique su autor y su primera publicación esta revista.
- Los autores pueden establecer por separado acuerdos adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión de la obra publicada en la revista (por ejemplo, situarlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro), con un reconocimiento de su publicación inicial en esta revista.
- Se permite y se anima a los autores a difundir sus trabajos electrónicamente (por ejemplo, en repositorios institucionales o en su propio sitio web) antes y durante el proceso de envío, ya que puede dar lugar a intercambios productivos, así como a una citación más temprana y mayor de los trabajos publicados (Véase The Effect of Open Access) (en inglés).
Esta revista sigue la "open access policy" de BOAI (1), apoyando los derechos de los usuarios a "leer, descargar, copiar, distribuir, imprimir, buscar o enlazar los textos completos de los artículos".
(1) http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess
