Determinantes psicológicos del rendimiento en el fútbol femenino: una revisión sistemática sobre resiliencia, ansiedad, motivación y cohesión

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v64.111614

Palabras clave:

Cohesión de equipo, Manejo de la ansiedad, Motivación, Rendimiento en el fútbol femenino

Resumen

Introducción: En la última década, el fútbol femenino ha ganado una visibilidad significativa, lo que ha llevado a una mayor atención sobre los factores psicológicos que influyen en el rendimiento de las jugadoras. La fortaleza mental se identifica como un rasgo clave que permite a las atletas permanecer concentradas y resilientes en entornos de alta presión.

Objetivo: Esta revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo analizar los determinantes psicológicos del rendimiento en el fútbol femenino joven, centrándose en la fortaleza mental, el manejo de la ansiedad, la motivación y la cohesión del equipo.

Metodología: Esta revisión siguió las pautas PRISMA y buscó sistemáticamente cuatro bases de datos (PubMed, ProQuest, SCOPUS, FECYT) en busca de artículos publicados antes del 1 de octubre de 2024. Se aplicó el marco PICO para definir la pregunta de investigación y los datos se extrajeron en una hoja de cálculo de Excel. Un total de 11 artículos cumplieron con todos los criterios de inclusión y se incluyeron en la síntesis cualitativa final.

Resultados: la ansiedad se explora en cinco estudios, destacando sus efectos fisiológicos y psicológicos sobre el rendimiento y sus predictores en atletas de élite; la resiliencia se examina en tres estudios, centrándose en cómo las atletas jóvenes se adaptan a la adversidad para mejorar el rendimiento y las habilidades para la vida; es el tema de seis estudios, enfatizando los factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos que impulsan la motivación, el compromiso, el rendimiento y las influencias sociales en los deportes; y la cohesión del equipo se analiza en dos estudios, ilustrando su papel en el fomento de mejores percepciones del rendimiento y la dinámica de grupo.

Conclusiones: Las estrategias de entrenamiento que fomentan un clima motivacional positivo e incorporan el entrenamiento de habilidades mentales pueden mejorar la resiliencia psicológica, la motivación y los resultados de rendimiento.

Biografía del autor/a

Ricardo Martín-Moya , Universidad de Granada. Campus de Melilla

Departamento de Educación Física y Deportiva

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Publicado

2025-01-15

Cómo citar

Ventaja-Cruz , J., Cuevas Rincón, J. M., Tejada-Medina, V., & Martín-Moya, R. (2025). Determinantes psicológicos del rendimiento en el fútbol femenino: una revisión sistemática sobre resiliencia, ansiedad, motivación y cohesión. Retos, 64, 242–253. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v64.111614

Número

Sección

Revisiones teóricas sistemáticas y/o metaanálisis