Impacto de la motivación, percepción y autoconcepto de niñas jugadoras de fútbol en contextos multiculturales: un estudio en Melilla (Impact of the motivation, perception and self-concept of girls soccer players in multicultural contexts: a study in Melilla)

Autores/as

  • Javier Ventaja-Cruz Universidad de Granada
  • Jesús Manuel Cuevas Rincón Universidad de Granada
  • Virginia Tejada-Medina Universidad de Granada
  • Ricardo Martín-Moya Universidad de Granada https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9840-3515
  • Raquel Portillo Sánchez Universidad de Granada

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.108908

Palabras clave:

fútbol femenino, motivación deportiva, percepción de la actividad, factores psicosociales y autoconcepto

Resumen

El fútbol femenino ha crecido en popularidad y audiencia en la última década, aunque la investigación sobre jugadoras es aún limitada. Existe un creciente interés en la resiliencia psicológica, la dinámica de equipo y los factores motivacionales exclusivos del fútbol femenino. El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido el de analizar los motivos y factores psicosociales que impulsan a un grupo de niñas hacia la práctica del fútbol y su relación con los aspectos socioeconómicos, culturales y religiosos. El diseño de la investigación corresponde con un estudio de enfoque cuantitativo, descriptivo, no experimental, de corte transversal. Ciento treinta y cinco niñas futbolistas federadas, pertenecientes a diferentes equipos y clubes de fútbol femenino de la Ciudad Autónoma de Melilla. Para la elaboración del estudio, se ha utilizado la “Escala de motivación deportiva-II” (SMS-II), el “Cuestionario de Autoconcepto Forma 5” (AF-5) y la “Escala de Motivación Intrínseca” (IMI). Los resultados indican que la percepción del fútbol como actividad tiene un mayor impacto en la motivación de las niñas que otras variables, como la religión y el autoconcepto. Este efecto se debe a que la percepción del fútbol se ve reforzada por experiencias en el campo de juego, junto con factores como el apoyo social, la diversión y el éxito personal. Por otro lado, los datos muestran que la variable edad tiene efectos negativos en la motivación deportiva, indicando que a medida que aumenta la edad, disminuyen tanto el interés por el juego como la motivación intrínseca, lo que a su vez reduce la continuidad en la práctica deportiva. El estudio revela que la percepción de la actividad es el principal factor que motiva a las niñas a practicar fútbol, seguido por los beneficios psicológicos y sociales que aumentan su autoeficacia y aceptación social. Factores como la religión y el autoconcepto positivo también contribuyen a la motivación, aunque en menor medida. Sin embargo, la motivación tiende a disminuir con la edad, subrayando la importancia de crear enfoques personalizados para mantener la motivación deportiva de las féminas a lo largo del tiempo.

Palabras clave: fútbol femenino, motivación deportiva, percepción de la actividad, factores psicosociales y autoconcepto

Abstract.Women's football has grown in popularity and audience over the last decade, although research on female players is still limited. There is a growing interest in psychological resilience, team dynamics and motivational factors unique to women's football. The aim of the present study was to analyse the motives and psychosocial factors that drive a group of girls to play football and their relationship with socio-economic, cultural and religious aspects. The research design corresponds to a quantitative, descriptive, non-experimental, cross-sectional study. One hundred and thirty-five federated football girls, belonging to different female football teams and clubs in the Autonomous City of Melilla. The study was carried out using the ‘Sports Motivation Scale-II’ (SMS-II), the ‘Form 5 Self-Concept Questionnaire’ (AF-5) and the ‘Intrinsic Motivation Scale’ (IMI). The results indicate that the perception of football as an activity has a greater impact on girls' motivation than other variables such as religion and self-concept. This effect is due to the fact that the perception of football is reinforced by experiences on the playing field, together with factors such as social support, enjoyment and personal success. On the other hand, the data show that the variable age has negative effects on sport motivation, indicating that as age increases, both interest in the game and intrinsic motivation decrease, which in turn reduces continuity in sport practice. The study reveals that perception of the activity is the main factor motivating girls to play football, followed by psychological and social benefits that increase their self-efficacy and social acceptance. Factors such as religion and positive self-concept also contribute to motivation, although to a lesser extent. However, motivation tends to decrease with age, highlighting the importance of creating personalised approaches to maintain girls' sport motivation over time.

Keywords: women's soccer, sports motivation, perception of activity, psychosocial factors and self-concept

Biografía del autor/a

Virginia Tejada-Medina , Universidad de Granada

Categoría profesional: Profesora Colaborador Doctor

Departamento: Educación Física y Deportiva

Universidad de Granada

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Publicado

2024-10-02

Cómo citar

Ventaja-Cruz, J., Cuevas Rincón, J. M., Tejada-Medina, V., Martín-Moya, R., & Portillo Sánchez, R. (2024). Impacto de la motivación, percepción y autoconcepto de niñas jugadoras de fútbol en contextos multiculturales: un estudio en Melilla (Impact of the motivation, perception and self-concept of girls soccer players in multicultural contexts: a study in Melilla). Retos, 60, 632–642. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.108908

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Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas