Examen de la actividad física y los niveles de calidad de vida de los estudiantes universitarios basado en el análisis de los indicadores WHOQOL-BREF (Examination of physical activity and life quality levels of university students based on the analysis of the WHOQOL-BREF indicators)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.109065Palabras clave:
actividad física, estudiantes universitarios, calidad de vida, WHOQOL-BREF, salud psicológica, relaciones sociales, estilo de vida sedentario, promoción de la salud, bienestar estudiantil, política educativaResumen
Este estudio investiga el impacto de la actividad física en la calidad de vida entre estudiantes universitarios utilizando el cuestionario WHOQOL-BREF, centrado en tres dimensiones principales: salud física, salud psicológica y relaciones sociales. Sesenta estudiantes fueron divididos en dos grupos basados en sus patrones de vida: treinta participaron regularmente en deportes y actividades físicas (Grupo A), y treinta llevaron un estilo de vida predominantemente sedentario (Grupo B). Los resultados destacaron correlaciones positivas significativas entre la actividad física regular y tanto la salud física como la psicológica. Específicamente, el Grupo A mostró puntuaciones superiores en salud física y psicológica en comparación con el Grupo B, sustentando la hipótesis de que la actividad física mejora significativamente estos aspectos de la calidad de vida. Por el contrario, no se encontraron diferencias significativas en las relaciones sociales entre los dos grupos, sugiriendo que la influencia de la actividad física en las interacciones sociales podría ser menos directa y posiblemente moderada por otras variables no medidas. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de que las universidades fomenten entornos que alienten las actividades físicas, como parte de una estrategia más amplia para mejorar el bienestar general y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes. El estudio contribuye a la literatura existente al reafirmar los beneficios multifacéticos de la actividad física y llama a la implementación de estrategias integradas de promoción de la salud dentro de las instituciones educativas para apoyar el desarrollo holístico de los estudiantes.
Palabras clave: actividad física, estudiantes universitarios, calidad de vida, WHOQOL-BREF, salud psicológica, relaciones sociales, estilo de vida sedentario, promoción de la salud, bienestar estudiantil, política educativa.
Abstract. This study investigates the impact of physical activity on the quality of life among university students using the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire, focusing on three primary dimensions: physical health, psychological health, and social relations. Sixty students were divided into two groups based on their lifestyle patterns: thirty engaged regularly in sports and physical activities (Group A), and thirty led a predominantly sedentary lifestyle (Group B). The results highlighted significant positive correlations between regular physical activity and both physical and psychological health. Specifically, Group A exhibited superior physical and psychological health scores compared to Group B, substantiating the hypothesis that physical activity significantly enhances these aspects of quality of life. Conversely, no significant difference was found in social relations between the two groups, suggesting that the influence of physical activity on social interactions might be less straightforward and possibly moderated by other unmeasured variables. These findings underscore the necessity for universities to foster environments that encourage physical activities, as part of a broader strategy to enhance overall student well-being and academic performance. The study contributes to the existing literature by reaffirming the multifaceted benefits of physical activity and calls for integrated health promotion strategies within educational institutions to support the holistic development of students.
Keywords: physical activity, university students, quality of life, WHOQOL-BREF, psychological health, social relations, sedentary lifestyle, health promotion, student well-being, educational policy.
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