La escuela activa y su papel en promover la salud de los niños en edad escolar más jóvenes (Active school and its role in promoting health of younger school-age children)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v61.107614Palabras clave:
Escuela activa, Actividad física, Aptitud física relacionada con la salud, Postura corporal, AlumnosResumen
Objetivo: Un estudio reciente ha indicado un declive en el nivel de aptitud física relacionada con la salud entre los niños en edad escolar. La escuela activa ofrece y persigue diversas estrategias para animar a los niños a participar en actividad física durante el día escolar, con el objetivo de mejorar sus resultados conductuales, de rendimiento físico y de alfabetización, entre otros beneficios. El objetivo de la investigación fue examinar el impacto de un programa de movimiento integral implementado dentro de una escuela físicamente activa en los factores seleccionados del rendimiento físico general y la postura como manifestación de la aptitud física en alumnos no practicantes. El estudio empleó varios enfoques metodológicos, incluyendo: Un total de 25 niños en edad escolar, con edades entre seis y siete años, participaron en el estudio de manera voluntaria. Los participantes se dividieron en dos grupos, con seis niñas y siete niños en cada uno. La aptitud física de los alumnos fue evaluada mediante la administración de pruebas estandarizadas seleccionadas, incluyendo la carrera de ida y vuelta de 4 x 10 m, abdominales en 60 segundos, salto de longitud en posición de pie, suspensión de brazos doblados y una carrera de resistencia multietapa de 20 metros. La postura de los alumnos fue evaluada y clasificada utilizando el método estandarizado de Klein y Thomas, modificado por Mayer. El programa de ejercicio se llevó a cabo durante un período de seis meses. La intervención se implementó en dos ocasiones al día, una durante un descanso y otra durante una lección en forma de pausa para hacer ejercicio, cinco veces por semana, y una vez por semana a través de una actividad extracurricular durante 45 minutos. Los resultados del estudio son los siguientes: En la muestra de estudio, hubo una mejora significativa en las puntuaciones entre los puntos de entrada y salida tanto para niñas como para niños en cada prueba. Una comparación entre los sexos reveló que los niños exhibieron valores superiores (p < 0,01) en todas las pruebas seleccionadas en comparación con las niñas. Con respecto a la postura general, observamos una mejora en ambos sexos (p < 0,01), sin diferencias basadas en el género.
Conclusión: En conclusión, los resultados de este estudio confirman que la táctica elegida de progresión de la actividad física, el programa para estudiantes no practicantes/inactivos en edad escolar más jóvenes, fue una manera efectiva de mejorar la aptitud física relacionada con la salud y la postura general de los participantes, así como de motivar y crear interés en las actividades físicas.
Palabras clave: Escuela activa, Actividad física, Aptitud física relacionada con la salud, Postura corporal, Alumnos
Abstract. Background: A recent study has indicated a decline in the level of health-related fitness among school-age children. Active school offers and pursues various strategies to encourage children to engage in physical activity during the school day, with the objective of improving their behavioural, physical performance and literacy outcomes, among other benefits. The objective of the research was to examine the impact of a comprehensive movement programme implemented within a physically active school on the selected factors of general physical performance and posture as a manifestation of fitness in non-exercising pupils. The study employed a number of methodological approaches, including: A total of 25 school-age children, aged between six and seven years, participated in the study on a voluntary basis. The participants were divided into two groups, with six girls and seven boys in each. The pupils' physical fitness was evaluated through the administration of selected standardized tests, including the 4 x 10 m shuttle run, sit-ups in 60 seconds, standing long jump, bent-arm hangs, and a 20-metre multistage endurance shuttle run. The pupils’ posture was assessed and classified using the standardised Klein and Thomas method, modified by Mayer. The exercise programme was conducted over a six-month period. The intervention was implemented on two occasions per day, once during a break and once during a lesson in the form of an exercise break, five times per week, and once per week through an after-school activity for 45 minutes. The results of the study are as follows: In the study sample, there was a significant improvement in scores between the entry and exit points for both girls and boys in each test. A comparison of the sexes revealed that boys exhibited superior (p < 0.01) values in all the selected tests compared to girls. With regard to overall posture, we observed an improvement in both genders (p < 0.01), with no gender-based differences.
Conclusion: In conclusion, the results of this study confirm that the chosen tactic of progression of physical activity, the programme for non-exercising/inactive students of younger school age, was an effective way of improving the physical, health-related fitness and overall posture of the participants, as well as motivating and creating interest in physical activities.
Keywords: Active school, Physical activity, Health-related fitness, Body posture, Pupils
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