Mejora de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca en mujeres posmenopáusicas tras un entrenamiento combinado de ejercicio de corta duración (Improved heart rate variability in postmenopausal women following short-term combined exercise training)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.104961Palabras clave:
entrenamiento combinado, variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca, presión arterial, menopausia, mujeresResumen
El desequilibrio del sistema nervioso autónomo cardiaco se asocia con factores de riesgo cardiovascular y malos resultados cardiacos. La variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca (VFC) es una medida práctica y reproducible de la función del sistema nervioso autónomo cardiaco. El entrenamiento con ejercicio promueve ajustes positivos en la VFC. Sin embargo, los resultados de anteriores intervenciones de ejercicio sobre la VFC siguen siendo equívocos. Por lo tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar los efectos del entrenamiento combinado de ejercicio a corto plazo sobre la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca en mujeres posmenopáusicas. Se dividió a 34 mujeres de entre 50 y 80 años, con al menos 12 meses de posmenopausia, en un grupo de control (CON) y un grupo de entrenamiento con ejercicio (EX). Las participantes en el grupo de ejercicio se sometieron a un programa combinado de 2 semanas de ejercicios aeróbicos, de fuerza, flexibilidad y equilibrio. La VFC se registró utilizando el dispositivo Actiheart, antes y después de la última intervención de ejercicio en posición sentada. Se observó que los efectos principales de tiempo y grupo eran significativos en el parámetro de SDNN (p tiempo = 0.039; p grupo = 0.026). El análisis post-hoc mostró que había un aumento de SDNN sólo en el grupo EX (POST: 48.79 ± 17.88 VS 44.54 ± 16.39, p = 0.055), pero no en el grupo CON (POST: 35.55 ± 13.51 VS 33.17 ± 8.74, p = 0.288). El análisis estadístico de otros componentes de la VFC no mostró resultados significativos (todos P > 0.05). En conclusión, 2 semanas de programa de entrenamiento combinado, que incluye ejercicios aeróbicos, de resistencia, equilibrio y flexibilidad, mejora la función autonómica cardiaca global en mujeres posmenopáusicas.
Palabras clave: entrenamiento combinado, variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca, presión arterial, menopausia y mujeres
Abstract. Imbalances in cardiac autonomic nervous systems are associated with cardiovascular risk factors and poor cardiac outcomes. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a practical and reproducible measure of cardiac autonomic nervous system function. Exercise training promotes positive adjustments in HRV. However, previous studies have reported mixed results. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of short-term combined exercise training on heart rate variability in post-menopausal women. Thirty-four women aged 50-80 years, at least 12 months post-menopause, were divided into a control (CON) group and an exercise (EX) training group. The participants in the exercise group underwent a 2-week of combined exercise program consisting of aerobic, strength, flexibility, and balance exercises. HRV was recorded using an Actiheart device, before and after the final exercise intervention in a sitting position. The significant main effects of time and group were found in the parameter of SDNN (p time = 0.039; p group = 0.026). Post-hoc analysis showed a borderline increase in SDNN in the EX group (POST: 48.79 ± 17.88 VS 44.54 ± 17.39, p = 0.055). No significant change was observed in the CON group (POST: 35.55 ± 13.51 VS 33.17 ± 8.74, p = 0.288). Statistical analysis of other HRV components revealed no significant results (all P > 0.05). In conclusion, a 2-week of combined exercise training program, including aerobic, resistance, balance, and flexibility exercises improves global cardiac autonomic function in post-menopausal women.
Keywords: combined exercise training, heart rate variability, blood pressure, menopause, and women
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