Effects of combined exercise (aerobic and resistance) on body composition and physical condition in breast cancer patients and survivors. A systematic review of clinical trials
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v56.95088Keywords:
Breast cancer, aerobic exercise, physical exercise, muscular strength, body compositionAbstract
Objective: Conduct a systematic review on the effects of combined strength and aerobic endurance exercise on physical fitness and body composition in breast cancer patients and survivors regardless of adjuvant therapy. Methods: A systematic search was carried out based on the Prisma 2020 Declaration, with descriptors was carried out between June and December 2021 in the Science Direct, Lilacs, Cochrane Library and PubMed databases, subsequently titles were selected according to suitability and the objective of the review and finally the abstracts of the articles were read. selected articles to filter by eligibility criteria, including randomized and non-randomized clinical trials. 355 articles were evaluated; The publication quality and risk of bias of each article were assessed using critical reading. Results: 13 studies were included in the review, involving 879 older women with early-stage breast cancer, undergoing different regimens of chemotherapy, radiotherapy or hormonal therapy who participated in different programs of combined resistance and aerobic resistance exercise. Significant improvements in VO_2max as well as HR_max was found in 12- to 16-week programs performed at moderate-high intensities (60%-80% HR_max or 55% to 95% VO_2max); strength results also indicate improvements in programs with intensities of 35%-80% of 1RM, training three times per week. Conclusion: the combined exercise of strength and supervised aerobic resistance executed in a time interval of at least six months with moderate-high intensities, has positive effects on cardiorespiratory capacity, strength, body composition and some physiological variables that, in the end, improve physical fitness in breast cancer patients and survivors.
Key words: Breast cancer, aerobic exercise, physical exercise, muscular strength, body composition (fuente: DeCS, BIREME).
References
American College of Sport Medicine (ACSM). (2014). Manual ACSM para la Valoración y Prescripción del Ejercicio. Ma-drid, España: Paidotribo.
Alizadeh, A. M., Isanejad, A., Sadighi, S., Mardani, M., kalaghchi, B., & Hassan, Z. M. (2019). High-intensity interval training can modulate the systemic inflammation and HSP70 in the breast cancer: A randomized control trial. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol, 145(10), 2583-2593.
Arjona Morilla, J. Boquete-Pumar, C., García-Sillero, M. (2022,). El Método Pilates como alternativa para abordar la recuperación en mujeres que padecen cáncer de mama: Una revisión sistemática. Retos, 45, 1009-1018
Bakker, EA., Lee, DC., Su,i X., Artero, EG., Ruiz, JR., Eijsvogels, TMH., Lavie, CJ. & Blair, SN. (2017). Association of resistance exercise, independent of and combined with aerobic exercise, with the incidence of metabolic syn-drome. Mayo Clin Proc, 92(8), 1214-1222. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.02.018
Blücher, C. & Stadler, SC. (2017). Obesity and breast cancer: current insights on the role of fatty acid and lipid metab-olism in promoting breast cancer growth and progression. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne), 8(293), 1-10. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00293
Boing, L., Souza, M., Moratelli, J., Bergmann, A. & de Azevedo, A. 2020. Effects of exercise on physical outcomes of breast cancer survivors receiving hormone therapy – A systematic review and meta-analysis. Maturitas, 141(1), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.06.022
Brown, JC., Harhay, MO. & Harhay, MN. (2015). Physical function as a prognostic biomarker among cancer survi-vors. Br J Cancer, 112(1), 194–8.
Carayol, M., Ninot, G., Senesse, P., Bleuse, JP., Gourgou, S., Sancho-Garnier, H., Sari, C., Romieu, I., Romieu, G. & Jacot, W. (2019). Short- and long-term impact of adapted physical activity and diet counseling during adjuvant breast cancer therapy: the "APAD1" randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer, 19(1), 737-757. doi: 10.1186/s12885-019-5896-6
Cuff, DJ., Meneilly, GS., Martin, A., Ignaszewski, A., Tildesley, HD. & Frohlich, JJ. (2003). Effective exercise modal-ity to reduce insulin resistance in women with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 26(11):2977-82. doi: 10.2337/diacare.26.11.2977
DeBlauw, JA., Drake, NB., Kurtz, BK., Crawford, DA., Carper, M.J., Wakeman, A. & Heinrich, KM. (2021). High-Intensity Functional Training Guided by Individualized Heart RateVariability Results in Similar Healthand Fitness Improvements asPredetermined Training with LessEffort. J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol, 6(102), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6040102
Demark-Wahnefried, W., Colditz, GA., Rock, CL., Sedjo, RL., Liu, J., Wolin, KY., Krontiras, H., Byers, T., Pakiz, B., Parker, BA., Naughton, M., Elias, A. & Ganz, PA. (2015). Quality of life outcomes from the Exercise and Nu-trition Enhance Recovery and Good Health for You (ENERGY)-randomized weight loss trial among breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 154(2), 329-37. doi: 10.1007/s10549-015-3627-5
Domínguez-Martínez, S., Arietaleanizbeaskoa, MS., Gil Rey E., García Álvarez, A., Mendizabal Gallastegui, N., Co-ca, A., Grandes G. (2023). Condición física y calidad de vida de personas con patologías crónicas graves: programa de ejercicio EfiKroniK. Retos, 50, 888-894
de Paulo, TRS., Winters-Stone, KM., Viezel, J., Rossi, FE., Simões, RR., Tosello, G. & Freitas, IF Junior. (2018). Effects of resistance plus aerobic training on body composition and metabolic markers in older breast cancer survi-vors undergoing aromatase inhibitor therapy. Exp Gerontol, 111(1), 210-217. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2018.07.022
Desbiens, C., Filion, M., Brien, MC., Hogue, JC., Laflamme, C. & Lemieux, J. (2017). Impact of physical activity in group versus individual physical activity on fatigue in patients with breast cancer: A pilot study. Breast, 35(1), 8-13. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2017.06.001
Dieli-Conwright, C., Courneya, K., Demark-Wahnefried, W., Sami, N., Lee, K., Buchanan, T., Spicer, D., Tripathy, D., Bernstein, L. & Mortimer, J. (2018). Effects of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise on Metabolic Syndrome, Sar-copenic Obesity, and Circulating Biomarkers in Overweight or Obese Survivors of Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 36(9), 875-863. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2017.75.7526
Dieli-Conwright, C., Courneya, K., Demark-Wahnefried, W., Sami, N., Lee, K., Sweeney, F., Stewart, C., Buchanan, T., Spicer, D., Tripathy, D., Bernstein, L. & Mortimer, J. (2018). Aerobic and resistance exercise improves physi-cal fitness, bone health, and quality of life in overweight and obese breast cancer survivors: a randomized con-trolled trial. Breast Cancer Research, 20(1), 124-134. doi.org/10.1186/s13058-018-1051-6
Dieli-Conwright, C., Parmentier, J., Sami, N., Lee, K., Spicer, D., Mack, W., Sattler, F. & Mittelman, S. (2018). Adi-pose Tissue Inflammation in Breast Cancer Survivors: Effects of a 16-week Combined Aerobic and Resistance Ex-ercise Training Intervention. Breast Cancer Res Treat, 168(1), 147-157. doi:10.1007/s10549-017-4576-y
Earnest, CP., Johannsen, NM., Swift, DL., Gillison, FB., Mikus, CR., Lucia, A., Kramer, K., Lavie, CJ. & Church, TS. (2014). Aerobic and strength training in concomitant metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 46(7),1293-301. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000000242
Fazzino, TL., Fabian, C. & Befort, CA. (2017). Change in Physical Activity During a Weight Management Intervention for Breast Cancer Survivors: Association with Weight Outcomes. Obesity (Silver Spring), Suppl 2(Suppl 2), S109-S115. doi: 10.1002/oby.22007
Fernández, JA. & Fernández, JA. (2016). Effects of a combined strength and high-intensity aerobic exercise program in breast cancer survivors: A pilot study. Apunts Med Esport, 51(189), 3-12. doi: 10.1016/j.apunts.2015.10.003
Galiano-Castillo, N., Cantarero-Villanueva, I., Fernández-Lao, C., Ariza-García, A., Díaz-Rodríguez, L., Del-Moral-Ávila, R. & Arroyo-Morales, M. (2016). Telehealth system: A randomized controlled trial evaluating the impact of an internet-based exercise intervention on quality of life, pain, muscle strength, and fatigue in breast cancer survi-vors. Cancer, 122(20), 3166-3174. doi: 10.1002/cncr.30172
García-Soidán, JL., Pérez-Ribao, I., Leirós-Rodríguez, R. & Soto-Rodríguez, A. (2020). Long-Term Influence of the Practice of Physical Activity on the Self-Perceived Quality of Life of Women with Breast Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17(14), 1-12. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17144986.
Gómez Chávez, LFJ, Cortés Almanzar, P, Rodríguez Melchor, VZC, Salazar Pérez, JI, Gómez Chávez, MY. (2022). Actividad física y cáncer: una revisión bibliométrica 2016-2021. Retos, 45, 622-627
Guzmán, J. & Jiménez, J. (2013). Efectos de un plan de entrenamiento de resistencia sobre el VO2 máximo, la fre-cuencia cardíaca de reposo y los índices de recuperación de futbolistas juveniles. Viref, 2(4), 33-91.
Hupin, D., Roche, F., Gremeaux, V., Chatard, JC., Oriol, M., Gaspoz, JM., Barthélémy, JC. & Edouard P. (2015). Even a low-dose of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity reduces mortality by 22% in adults aged ≥ 60 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sport Med, 49(1), 1262-1267.
Jacquinot, Q., Meneveau, N., Chatot, M., Bonnetain, F., Degano, B., Bouhaddi, M., Dumoulin, G., Vernerey, D., Pivot, X. & Mougin, F. (2017). A phase 2 randomized trial to evaluate the impact of a supervised exercise program on cardiotoxicity at 3 months in patients with HER2 overexpressing breast cancer undergoing adjuvant treatment by trastuzumab: design of the CARDAPAC study. BMC Cancer, 17(1), 425-436. doi: 10.1186/s12885-017-3420-4
Juvet, LK., Thune, I., Elvsaas, IK., Fors, EA., Lundren, S., Bertheussen, G., Leivseth, G. & Oldervoll, LM. (2017). The effect of exercise on fatigue and physical functioning in breast cancer patients during and after treatment and at 6 months follow-up: A meta-analysis. The Breast, 33(1), 166-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.breast.2017.04.003
Kang, DW., Lee, J., Suh, SH., Ligibel, J., Courneya, KS. & Jeon, JY. (2017). Effects of Exercise on Insulin, IGF Axis, Adipocytokines, and Inflammatory Markers in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 26(3), 355-365. doi:10.1158/1055-9965
Kim, CJ., Kang, DH. & Park, JW. (2009). A meta-analysis of aerobic exercise interventions for women with breast cancer. West J Nurs Res, 31(4), 437-61. doi: 10.1177/0193945908328473
Kirkham, AA., Bland, KA., Sayyari, S., Campbell, KL. & Davis, MK. (2016). Clinically relevant physical benefits of exercise interventions in breast cancer survivors. Curr Oncol Rep, 18(12), 1-9. doi:10.1007/s11912-015-0496-3
Knobf, MT., Jeon, S., Smith, B., Harris, L., Thompson, S., Stacy, MR., Insogna, K. & Sinusas, AJ. (2017). The Yale Fitness Intervention Trial in female cancer survivors: Cardiovascular and physiological outcomes. Heart Lung, 46(5), 375-381. doi: 10.1016/j.hrtlng.2017.06.001
Lahart, IM., Metsios, GS., Nevill, AM., Kitas, GD. & Carmichael, AR. (2016). Randomised controlled trial of a home-based physical activity intervention in breast cancer survivors. BMC Cancer, 16(234), 1-14. doi: 10.1186/s12885-016-2258-5
Leclerc, AF., Foidart-Dessalle, M., Tomasella, M., Coucke, P., Devos, M., Bruyère, O., Bury, T., Deflandre, D., Jerusalem, G., Lifrange, E., Kaux, JF., Crielaard, JM. & Maquet, D. (2017). Multidisciplinary rehabilitation pro-gram after breast cancer: benefits on physical function, anthropometry and quality of life. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med, 53(5), 633-642. doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.17.04551-8
Lee, K., Tripathy, D., Demark-Wahnefried, W., Courneya, K., Sami, N., Bernstein, L., Spicer, D., Thomas, A., Bu-chanan, MD., Mortimer, J. & Dieli-Conweight, C. (2019). Effect of Aerobic and Resistance Exercise Intervention on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Women With Early-Stage Breast Cancer: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Oncol, 5(5):710–714. doi:10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.0038
Loo, LWM., Nishibun, K., Welsh, L., Makolo, T., Chong, CD., Pagano, I., Yu, H. & Bantum, EO. (2019). Using a cultural dance program to increase sustainable physical activity for breast cancer survivors-A pilot study. Comple-ment Ther Med, 47(1), 1-21. doi:10.1016/j.ctim.2019.102197
López, J. & Fernández, A. (2016). Fisiología del Ejercicio. Barcelona, España: Editorial Médica Panamericana.
Mijwel, S., Backman, M., Bolam, K., Olofsson, E., Norrbom, J., Bergh, J., Sundberg, C., Wengstrom, Y. & Rund-qvist, H. (2018). Highly favorable physiological responses to concurrent resistance and high-intensity interval train-ing during chemotherapy_ the OptiTrain breast cancer trial. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, 169(1), 93-103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-018-4663-8
Nilo dos Santos, W., Vieira, A., Barbosa de Lira, C., Mota, J., Gentil, P., de Freitas, R., Battaglini, C., Bottaro, M. & Vieira, C. (2019). Once a Week Resistance Training Improves Muscular Strength in Breast Cancer Survivors_ A Randomized Controlled Trial. Integrative Cancer Therapies, 18(1), 1-9. doi: 10.1177/1534735419879748
Northey, J. M., Pumpa, K. L., Quinlan, C., Ikin, A., Toohey, K., Smee, D. J., & Rattray, B. (2019). Cognition in breast cancer survivors: A pilot study of interval and continuous exercise. J Sci Med Sport, 22(5), 580-585.
Okumatsu, K., Tsujimoto, T., Wakaba, K., Seki, A., Kotake, R., Yamauchi, T., Hirayama, S., Kobayashi, H., Yamau-chi, H. & Tanaka, K. (2019). Effects of a combined exercise plus diet program on cardiorespiratory fitness of breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer, 26(1), 65-71. doi:10.1007/s12282-018-0889-x
Ording, AG., Garne, JP., Nystrom, PM., Froslev, T., Sorensen, HT. & Lash, TL. (2013). Comorbid diseases interact with breast cancer to affect mortality in the firstyear after diagnosis--a Danish nationwide matched cohort study. PLoS One, 8(10), e76013. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076013
Organización Panamericana de la Salud. (2022). Día Mundial contra el Cáncer 2022: Por unos cuidados más justos. Recu-perado de: https://www.paho.org/es/campanas/dia-mundial-contra-cancer-2022-por-unos-cuidados-mas-justos
Ormel, HL., Schröder, CP., van der Schoot, GGF., Westerink, NL., van der Velden, AWG., Poppema, B., Vrieling, AH., Gietema, JA., Walenkamp, AME. & Reyners, AKL. (2021). Effects of supervised exercise during adjuvant endocrine therapy in overweight or obese patients with breast cancer: The I-MOVE study. Breast, 58(1), 138-146. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2021.05.004
Ortegón-Castañeda, RA., García-Cardona, DM. & Ramírez-Gutiérrez, JA. (2020). Efectos de un programa de ejerci-cio físico sobre variables bioquímicas y antropométricas en mujeres sedentarias de 20 a 40 años de una universidad de Armenia, Colombia, 2017. MÉD.UIS, 33(2), 9-16. doi:10.18273/revmed.v33n2-2020001
Page, MJ., McKenzie, JE., Bossuyt, PM., Boutron, I., Hoffmann,TC., Mulrow, CD, et al.(2021). Declaración PRIS-MA 2020: una guía actualizada para la publicación de revisiones sistemáticas», Rev Esp Cardiol. 74, 790-799
Peel, A., Thomas, S., Dittus, K., Jones, L. & Lakoski, S. (2014). Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Breast Cancer Patients: A Call for Normative Values. Journal of the American Heart Association, 3(1), 1-10. doi: 10.1161/JAHA.113.000432
Peña, G., Heredia, J., Aguilera, J., da Silva, M. & Del Rosso, S. (2016). Entrenamiento Concurrente de Fuerza y Re-sistencia: Una Revisión Narrativa. IJPEHS-Tr, 1(1), 1-19.
Penttinen, H., Utriainen, M., Kellokumpu-Lehtinen, PL., Raitanen, J., Sievänen, H., Nikander, R., Blomqvist, C., Huovinen, R., Vehmanen, L., Saarto, T. (2019) Effectiveness of a 12-month Exercise Intervention on Physical Ac-tivity and Quality of Life of Breast Cancer Survivors; Five-year Results of the BREX-study, In Vivo; 33(3):881-888.
Perea-Caballero, AL., López-Navarrete, GE., Perea-Martínez, A., Reyes-Gómez, U., Santiago-Lagunes, LM., Ríos-Gallardo, PA., Lara-Campos, AG., González-Valadez, AL., García-Osorio, V., Hernández-López MA., Solís-Aguilar DC. & de la Paz-Morales, C. (2020). Importancia de la Actividad Física. Artículo de revisión. RevSalJal, 6(2), 121-126.
Ribeiro, IL., Camargo, PR., Alburquerque-Sendín, F., Ferrari, AV., Arrais, CL., Salvini, FT. (2019). Three-dimensional scapular kinematics, shoulder outcome measures and quality of life following treatment for breast cancer – A case control study. Musculoskeletal Sci Pract, 40. doi: 10.1016/j.msksp.2019.01.012
Scott, J., Thomas, S., Peppercorn, J., Herndon, J., Douglas, P., Khouri, M., Dang, C., Yu, A., Catalina, D., Ciolino, C., Capaci, C., Michalski, M., Eves, N. & Jones, L. (2020). Effects of Exercise Therapy Dosing Schedule on Im-paired Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Patients With Primary Breast Cancer. Circulation, 141(1), 560-570. doi: 10.1161 / CIRCULATIONAHA.119.043483
Shaikh, H., Bradhurst, P., Ma, LX., Tan, SYC., Egger, SJ. & Vardy, JL. (2020). Body weight management in over-weight and obese breast cancer survivors. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 12(CD012110), 149. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD012110.pub2
Sheppard, V. B., Hicks, J., Makambi, K., Hurtado-de-Mendoza, A., Demark-Wahnefried, W. & Adams-Campbell, L. (2016). The feasibility and acceptability of a diet and exercise trial in overweight and obese black breast cancer survivors: The Stepping STONE study. Contemporary clinical trials, 46(1), 106–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2015.12.005
Spei, ME., Samoli, E, Bravi, F, La Vecchia, C., Bamia, C., Benetou, V. (2019). Physical activity in breast cancer survi-vors: A systematic review and meta-analysis on overall and breast cancer survival. Breast, 44, 144-152
Sterne JA, Hernán MA, Reeves BC, Savovic J, Berkman ND, Viswanathan M, et al. ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non- randomised studies of interventions. Bmj. 2016;355:i4919.
Sweegers, M., Buffart, L., Hujismans, R., Konings, I., van Zweeden, A., Brug, J., Chinapaw, M. & Altenburg, T. (2019). From accelerometer output to physical activity intensities in breast cancer patients. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 23(2), 176-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2019.09.001
Thomas, GA., Cartmel, B., Harrigan, M., Fiellin, M., Capozza, S., Zhou, Y., Ercolano, E., Gross, CP., Hershman, D., Ligibel, J., Schmitz, K., Li, FY., Sanft, T. & Irwin, ML. (2017). The effect of exercise on body composition and bone mineral density in breast cancer survivors taking aromatase inhibitors. Obesity (Silver Spring), 25(2), 346-351. doi: 10.1002/oby.21729
Toohey, K., Pumpa, K., McKune, A., Cooke, J., Welvaert, M., Northey, J., Quinlan, C. & Semple, S. (2020). The impact of high-intensity interval training exercise on breast cancer survivors: a pilot study to explore fitness, cardiac regulation and biomarkers of the stress systems. BMC Cancer, 20(1), 787-798. doi: 10.1186/s12885-020-07295-1
Travier, N., Velthuis, MJ., Steins Bisschop, CN., van den Buijs, B., Monninkhof, EM., Backx, F., Los, M., Erdkamp, F., Bloemendal, HJ., Rodenhuis, C., de Roos, MA., Verhaar, M., ten Bokkel Huinink, D., van der Wall, E., Peeters, PH. & May, AM. (2015). Effects of an 18-week exercise programme started early during breast cancer treatment: a randomised controlled trial. BMC Med, 13(121), 1-11. doi: 10.1186/s12916-015-0362-z
Uth, J., Fristrup, B., Sørensen, V., Helge, EW., Christensen, MK., Kjærgaard, JB., Møller, TK., Mohr, M., Helge, JW., Jørgensen, NR., Rørth, M., Vadstrup, ES. & Krustrup, P. (2020). Exercise intensity and cardiovascular health outcomes after 12 months of football fitness training in women treated for stage I-III breast cancer: Results from the football fitness After Breast Cancer (ABC) randomized controlled trial. Prog Cardiovasc Dis, 63(6), 792-799. doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2020.08.002.
van Waart, H., Stuiver, MM., van Harten, WH., Geleijn, E., Kieffer, JM., Buffart, LM., de Maaker-Berkhof, M., Boven, E., Schrama, J., Geenen, MM., Meerum-Terwogt, JM., van Bochove, A., Lustig, V., van den Heiligenberg, SM., Smorenburg, CH., Hellendoorn-van
Virto, N., Etayo-Urtasun, P., Sánchez Isla, JR., Arietaleanizbeaskoa Sarabia, MS., Mendizabal-Gallastegui, N., Gran-des Odriozola, G., Gutiérrez-Santamaría, B., Coca, A., Río, X. (2023). Effects of a 12-week exercise intervention on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in cancer patients. Retos, 48, 153-160
Vreeswijk, JA., Sonke, GS. & Aaronson, NK. (2015). Effect of Low-Intensity Physical Activity and Moderate- to High-Intensity Physical Exercise During Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Physical Fitness, Fatigue, and Chemotherapy Com-pletion Rates: Results of the PACES Randomized Clinical Trial. J Clin Oncol, 33(17), 1918-27. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2014.59.1081
Volaklis, KA., Halle, M. & Meisinger, C. (2015). Muscular strength as a strong predictor of mortality: A narrative review. Eur J Intern Med, 26(5):303-10. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.04.013
Westphal, T., Rinnerthaler, G., Gampenrieder, S., Niebauer, J., Thaler, J., Pfob, M., Fuchs, D., Riedmann, M., Mayr, B., Reich, B., Melchardt, T., Mlineritsch, B., Pleyer, L. & Greil, R. (2018). Supervised versus autonomous exercise training in breast cancer patients_ A multicenter randomized clinical trial. Cancer Medicine, 7(12), 5962-5972. doi: 10.1002/cam4.1851
Whiting P, Savovic J, Higgins JP, Caldwell DM, Reeves BC, Shea B, et al. ROBIS: A new tool to assess risk of bias in systematic reviews was developed. J Clin Epidemiol. 2016;69:225-34
Winters-Stone, KM., Dobek, J., Bennett, JA., Nail, LM., Leo, MC. & Schwartz, A. (2012) The effect of resistance training on muscle strength and physical function in older, postmenopausal breast cancer survivors: a randomized controlled trial. J Cancer Surviv, 6(2):189-99. doi:10.1007/s11764-011-0210-x
Winters-Stone, KM., Torgrimson-Ojerio, B., Dieckmann, NF., Stoyles, S., Mitri, Z. & Luoh, SW. (2022). A random-ized-controlled trial comparing supervised aerobic training to resistance training followed by unsupervised exercise on physical functioning in older breast cancer survivors. J Geriatr Oncol, 13(2), 152-160. doi: 10.1016/j.jgo.2021.08.003
Wirtz, P., Baumanna, FT. 2018). Physical Activity, Exercise and Breast Cancer - What Is the Evidence for Rehabilita-tion, Aftercare, and Survival? A Review. Breast Care (Basel), 13(2): 93-101
Witlox, L., Velthuis, MJ., Boer, JH., Steins-Bisschop, CN., Wall, EV., Meulen, WJTMV., Schröder, CD., Peeters, PHM. & May, AM. (2019). Attendance and compliance with an exercise program during localized breast cancer treatment in a randomized controlled trial: The PACT study. PLoS One, 14(5), 1-17. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215517
Yee, J., Davis, GM., Hackett, D., Beith, JM., Wilcken, N., Currow, D., Emery, J., Phillips, J., Martin, A., Hui, R., Harrison, M., Segelov, E. & Kilbreath, SL. (2019). Physical Activity for Symptom Management in Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer: A Randomized Feasibility Trial on Physical Activity and Breast Metastases. J Pain Symp-tom Manage, 58(6):929-939. doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2019.07.022
Ying, W., Min, QW., Lei, T., Na, ZX., Li, L. & Jing, L. (2019). The health effects of Baduanjin exercise (a type of Qigong exercise) in breast cancer survivors: A randomized, controlled, single-blinded trial. Eur J Oncol Nurs, 39(1), 90-97. doi: 10.1016/j.ejon.2019.01.007
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Retos
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
