Test unipodal para estabilidad corporal estática con ojos abiertos y cerrados en la valoración de riesgo de caída en adultos mayores (Unipodal test for static body stability with open and closed eyes in the assessment of fall risk in older adults)

Autores/as

  • Cristian Díaz Escobar
  • Macarena Catalán Neira
  • Matías Pozo Núñez
  • Víctor Patricio Díaz Narváez Universidad Andres Bello https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5486-0415

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.86645

Palabras clave:

estabilidad unipodal, adulto mayor, riesgo de caída, (Unipodal stability, elderly, risk of falling)

Resumen

 

Introducción: La estabilidad postural es un factor clave en la funcionalidad motora del ser humano, con el envejecimiento se produce alteración del balance postural y una alternativa de evaluación son las pruebas de estabilidad unipodal. Objetivo: Determinar el rendimiento de adultos mayores con el Test unipodal para estabilidad corporal estática (TUPECE) en modalidad ojos abiertos y ojos cerrados; observando estrategias de estabilización en pie de apoyo, movimiento de miembros superiores y pie elevado. Métodos: Estudio de concordancia diagnóstica, de corte transversal; realizado en 60 adultos mayores inscritos en un centro deportivo, comuna de San Miguel, Región Metropolitana, Chile. Quienes ejecutaron el TUPECE con ojos abiertos y cerrados, junto con una consulta referida al test. Resultados: La concordancia entre evaluadores en función al TUPECE no presentó diferencias significativas, demostrándose simetría en la evaluación observacional. Se determinó diferencia significativamente alta comparando la prueba con ojos abiertos y cerrados (p<0,0001), presentándose mayor estabilidad con ojos abiertos. A mayor edad la estabilidad es más deficiente (p<0.05). No hubo diferencia significativa entre géneros (p>0,05). Conclusión: El TUPECE presentó una alta confiabilidad interevaluador al valorar la estabilidad unipodal en adultos mayores. La prueba diferencia rendimiento con ojos abiertos y cerrados; demostró también diferencias por edad pero no por género. De acuerdo a los resultados y características de la prueba se expone como un procedimiento positivo para valorar la estabilidad unipodal estática con ojos abiertos y cerrados en adultos mayores. 

Abstract. Introduction: Postural stability is a key factor in the motor functionality of the human being, with aging there is an alteration of the postural balance and an evaluation alternative is the unipodal stability tests. Objective: To determine the performance of older adults with the Unipodal Test for Static Body Stability (TUPECE) in open and closed eyes mode; observing stabilization strategies in standing support, movement of upper limbs and raised foot. Methods: Diagnostic concordance study, cross-sectional; conducted on 60 older adults enrolled in a sports center, San Miguel commune, Metropolitan Region, Chile. Those who executed the TUPECE with eyes open and closed, along with a consultation about the test. Results: The concordance between evaluators in the TUPECE did not present significant differences, demonstrating symmetry in the observational evaluation. High significant difference was determined comparing the test with open and closed eyes (p<0.0001), presenting greater stability with open eyes. The older the age, the poorer the stability (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between genders (p>0.05). Conclusion: TUPECE presented a high interevaluator reliability when assessing unipodal stability in older adults. The test differentiates performance with open and closed eyes; it also showed differences by age but not by gender. According to the results and characteristics of the test, it is exposed as a positive procedure to evaluate the static unipodal stability with open and closed eyes in older adults.

Citas

Bonora, G., Mancini, M., Carpinella, I., Chiari, L., Ferrarin, M., Nutt, J. G., & Horak, F. B. (2017). Investigation of Anticipatory Postural Adjustments during One-Leg Stance Using Inertial Sensors: Evidence from Subjects with Parkinsonism. Frontiers in neurology, 8, 361. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2017.00361

Cohen, R. G., Baer, J. L., Ravichandra, R., Kral, D., McGowan, C., & Cacciatore, T. W. (2020). Lighten Up! Postural Instructions Affect Static and Dynamic Balance in Healthy Older Adults. Innovation in aging, 4(2), igz056. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz056

Cruz-Montecinos, C., Cuesta-Vargas, A., Muñoz, C., Flores, D., Ellsworth, J., Fuente, C., Calatayud, J., Rivera-Lillo, G., Soto-Arellano, V., Tapia, C., & García-Massó, X. (2020). Impact of Visual Biofeedback of Trunk Sway Smoothness on Motor Learning during Unipedal Stance. Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 20(9), 2585. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20092585

Donoso T, Silvia, Maulén C, Valentina, & Novoa C, Ignacio. (2019). Dependencia visual en otoneurología: Consideraciones clínicas para la rehabilitación vestibular. Revista de otorrinolaringología y cirugía de cabeza y cuello, 79(3), 374-380. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48162019000300374

Duclos, N., Duclos, C., & Mesure S. (2017). Control postural: fisiología, conceptos principales e implicaciones para la readaptación. EMC – Kinesiterapia – Medicina Física, 38(2), 1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1293-2965(17)83662-8

Dunsky A. (2019). The Effect of Balance and Coordination Exercises on Quality of Life in Older Adults: A Mini-Review. Frontiers in aging neuroscience, 11, 318. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2019.00318

Dunsky, A., Zeev, A., & Netz, Y. (2017). Balance Performance Is Task Specific in Older Adults. BioMed research international, 2017, 6987017. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/6987017

Foisy, A., & Kapoula, Z. (2018). Plantar cutaneous afferents influence the perception of Subjective Visual Vertical in quiet stance. Scientific reports, 8(1), 14939. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-33268-3

Goel, R., De Dios, Y. E., Gadd, N. E., Caldwell, E. E., Peters, B. T., Reschke, M. F., Bloomberg, J. J., Oddsson, L., & Mulavara, A. P. (2017). Assessing Somatosensory Utilization during Unipedal Postural Control. Frontiers in systems neuroscience, 11, 21. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2017.00021

Hong, C. Y., Guo, L. Y., Song, R., Nagurka, M. L., Sung, J. L., & Yen, C. W. (2016). Assessing postural stability via the correlation patterns of vertical ground reaction force components. Biomedical engineering online, 15(1), 90. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-016-0212-z

Kim, J. J., & Park, S. Y. (2016). Immediate effects of the trunk stabilizing exercise on static balance parameters in double-leg and one-leg stances. Journal of physical therapy science, 28(6), 1673–1675. https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.28.1673

Lee, C. H., & Sun, T. L. (2018). Evaluation of postural stability based on a force plate and inertial sensor during static balance measurements. Journal of physiological anthropology, 37(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-018-0187-5

Mancilla S, Eladio, Valenzuela H, José, & Escobar C, Máximo. (2015). Rendimiento en las pruebas “Timed Up and Go” y “Estación Unipodal” en adultos mayores chilenos entre 60 y 89 años. Revista médica de Chile, 143(1), 39-46. https://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0034-98872015000100005

Marmamula, S., Barrenkala, N. R., Challa, R., Kumbham, T. R., Modepalli, S. B., Yellapragada, R., Bhakki, M., Friedman, D. S., & Khanna, R. C. (2020). Falls and visual impairment among elderly residents in 'homes for the aged' in India. Scientific reports, 10(1), 13389. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70066-2

Mesquita, L. S., de Carvalho, F. T., Freire, L. S., Neto, O. P., & Zângaro, R. A. (2015). Effects of two exercise protocols on postural balance of elderly women: a randomized controlled trial. BMC geriatrics, 15, 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-015-0059-3

Navalón Alcañiz, R., & Martínez González-Moro, I. (2020). Valoración del grado de deterioro funcional y fragilidad en adultos mayores activos. Retos, 38, 576-581. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v38i38.78252

Oliveira, M. R., Vieira, E. R., Gil, A., Fernandes, K., Teixeira, D. C., Amorim, C. F., & da Silva, R. A. (2018). One-legged stance sway of older adults with and without falls. PloS one, 13(9), e0203887. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203887

Osoba, M. Y., Rao, A. K., Agrawal, S. K., & Lalwani, A. K. (2019). Balance and gait in the elderly: A contemporary review. Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology, 4(1), 143–153. https://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.252

Paillard, T., & Noé, F. (2015). Techniques and Methods for Testing the Postural Function in Healthy and Pathological Subjects. BioMed research international, 2015, 891390. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/891390

Pelosin, E., Bisio, A., Pozzo, T., Lagravinese, G., Crisafulli, O., Marchese, R., Abbruzzese, G., & Avanzino, L. (2018). Postural Stabilization Strategies to Motor Contagion Induced by Action Observation Are Impaired in Parkinson's Disease. Frontiers in neurology, 9, 105. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2018.00105

Pua, Y. H., Ong, P. H., Clark, R. A., Matcher, D. B., & Lim, E. C. (2017). Falls efficacy, postural balance, and risk for falls in older adults with falls-related emergency department visits: prospective cohort study. BMC geriatrics, 17(1), 291. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-017-0682-2

Puszczalowska-Lizis, E., Bujas, P., Jandzis, S., Omorczyk, J., & Zak, M. (2018). Inter-gender differences of balance indicators in persons 60-90 years of age. Clinical interventions in aging, 13, 903–912. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S157182

Riva, D., Fani, M., Benedetti, M. G., Scarsini, A., Rocca, F., & Mamo, C. (2019). Effects of High-Frequency Proprioceptive Training on Single Stance Stability in Older Adults: Implications for Fall Prevention. BioMed research international, 2019, 2382747. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2382747

Saftari, L. N., & Kwon, O. S. (2018). Ageing vision and falls: a review. Journal of physiological anthropology, 37(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40101-018-0170-1

Salazar Martínez, C., Villar Ortega, M., Párraga Montilla, J. A., & Moreno, R. (2015). Efectos de la utilización de los videojuegos en un programa de mejora del equilibrio en mujeres de 60 años o más. Retos, 17, 93-95. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i17.34682

Sampedro Molinuevo, J., Meléndez Ortega, A., & Ruiz Solano, P. (2015). Análisis comparativo de la relación entre el número de caídas anual y baterías de pruebas de equilibrio y agilidad en personas mayores. Retos, 17, 115-117. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i17.34689

Saüch, G., Castañer, M., & Hileno, R. (2015). Valorar la capacidad de equilibrio en la tercera edad. Retos, 23, 48-50. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i23.34567

Semak, M. R., Schwartz, J., & Heise, G. (2020). Examining Human Unipedal Quiet Stance: Characterizing Control through Jerk. Computational and mathematical methods in medicine, 2020, 5658321. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/5658321

Springer, B. A., Marin, R., Cyhan, T., Roberts, H., & Gill, N. W. (2007). Normative values for the unipedal stance test with eyes open and closed. Journal of geriatric physical therapy (2001), 30(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.1519/00139143-200704000-00003

Toosizadeh, N., Ehsani, H., Miramonte, M., & Mohler, J. (2018). Proprioceptive impairments in high fall risk older adults: the effect of mechanical calf vibration on postural balance. Biomedical engineering online, 17(1), 51. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12938-018-0482-8

Yamagata, M., Ikezoe, T., Kamiya, M., Masaki, M., & Ichihashi, N. (2017). Correlation between movement complexity during static standing and balance function in institutionalized older adults. Clinical interventions in aging, 12, 499–503. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S132425

Descargas

Publicado

2021-10-01

Cómo citar

Díaz Escobar, C., Catalán Neira, M., Pozo Núñez, M., & Díaz Narváez, V. P. (2021). Test unipodal para estabilidad corporal estática con ojos abiertos y cerrados en la valoración de riesgo de caída en adultos mayores (Unipodal test for static body stability with open and closed eyes in the assessment of fall risk in older adults). Retos, 42, 604–611. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v42i0.86645

Número

Sección

Artículos de carácter científico: trabajos de investigaciones básicas y/o aplicadas