Changes in explosive strength and agility after an online training in young basketball players confined by COVID-19
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v0i41.83011Keywords:
Agility, Explosive Strength, Saltability, Physical Test, Specificity, (agility, explosive strength, vertical jump, specificity, physical tests)Abstract
The closure of sports centers and suspension of training and competitions caused by COVID-19 led to a significant decrease in physical activity of high performance basketball players. The aim of this study was to investigate if a strength online training program was able to improve height and power in jumping, and to mitigate the effects of the quarantine in agility. Fifty-one elite youth basketball players (72.74 ± 13.30 kg; 1.85 ± .10 m), were divided into three age categories (Infants (U-14): 20 players, 13.45 ± .51 years; Cadets (U-16): 22 players, 15.59 ± .50 years; Juniors (U-18): 9 players, 17.00 ± .50 years) and evaluated for parameters related to body composition, explosive strength during jumping (bilateral and unilateral Abalakov test), and agility (V-Cut test). Weight and BMI were negatively affected. Explosive strength improved after the intervention (p < .001) in all variables and categories, while agility worsened significantly (p < .001), confirming that the lack of space to move and the absence of perceptual-cognitive orientation in training are important limitations, with worse consequences as age increases. Mandatory quarantine can (and should) be an opportunity for the development of basic physical skills such as strength (paying special attention to training loads), provided that a planned and specific work of reintegration into the game is carried out afterwards. Physical trainers should pay special attention to loads in confinement, as they may be insufficient for more capable and trained athletes.
References
Abdelkrim, N. B., El Fazaa, S., & El Ati, J. (2007). Time–motion analysis and physiological data of elite under-19-year-old basketball players during competition. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 41(2), 69-75. doi:10.1136/bjsm.2006.032318
AMM. (2013). Declaración del Helsinki de la Asamblea Médica Mundial, Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos. 64ª Asamblea General. Fortaleza, Brasil.
Asadi, A., Arazi, H., Ramirez-Campillo, R., Moran, J., & Izquierdo, M. (2017). Influence of maturation stage on agility performance gains after plyometric training: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Strength Conditioning Researc, 31(9), 2609-2617. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001994
Atay, E., & Kayalarli, G. (2013). The effects of detraining period on female basketball team players aged 10-12. Türk Spor ve Egzersiz Dergisi, 15(2), 51-55.
Bompa, T. O., & Buzzichelli, C. (2018). Periodization-: theory and methodology of training: Human kinetics.
Bosquet, L., Berryman, N., Dupuy, O., Mekary, S., Arvisais, D., Bherer, L., . . . sports, s. i. (2013). Effect of training cessation on muscular performance: A meta‐analysis. Scandinavian journal of medicine, 23(3), e140-e149. doi:10.1111/sms.12047
Buchheit, M., & Laursen, P. B. (2013). High-intensity interval training, solutions to the programming puzzle. Sports medicine, 43(10), 927-954.
Carvalho, H. M., Coelho-e-Silva, M. J., Gonçalves, C. E., Philippaerts, R. M., Castagna, C., & Malina, R. M. (2011). Age-related variation of anaerobic power after controlling for size and maturation in adolescent basketball players. Annals of Human Biology, 38(6), 721-727.
Chtourou, H., Trabelsi, K., H’mida, C., Boukhris, O., Glenn, J. M., Brach, M., . . . Ammar, A. (2020). Staying Physically Active During the Quarantine and Self-Isolation Period for Controlling and Mitigating the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Overview of the Literature. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01708
Cohen, J. (2013). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences: Academic press.
Díaz-Sánchez, M. E. (2009). Bioantropología de la nutrición. Crecimiento, maduración y desarrollo: Editorial Ciencias Médicas.
Feriche, B., Chirosa, L., & Chirosa, I. (2002). Validez del uso de la RPE en el control de la intensidad del entrenamiento en balonmano. Archivos de Medicina del Deporte, 19(91), 377-383.
Fort-Vanmeerhaeghe, A., Gual, G., Romero-Rodriguez, D., & Unnitha, V. (2016). Lower limb neuromuscular asymmetry in volleyball and basketball players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 50(1), 135-143. doi:10.1515/hukin-2015-0150
García-Gil, M., Torres-Unda, J., Esain, I., Duñabeitia, I., Gil, S. M., Gil, J., y Irazusta, J. (2018) Anthropometric parameters, age, and agility as performance predictors in elite female basketball players. Journal of Strength and Contitional Research, 32(6), 1723-1730. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000002043
González, J. R., Moreno-Arrones, L. J. S., Bretones, A. R., & de Villarreal Sáez, E. S. (2018). Efectos a corto plazo de un programa de entrenamiento de sobrecarga excéntrica sobre el rendimiento físico en jugadores de fútbol de élite U-16. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación(33), 106-111.
Gonzalo-Skok, O., Tous-Fajardo, J., Suarez-Arrones, L., Arjol-Serrano, J., Casajus, J., & Mendez-Villanueva, A. (2015). Validity of the V-cut test for young basketball players. Int J Sports Med, 36(11), 893-899.
Holt, B. W., & Lambourne, K. (2008). The impact of different warm-up protocols on vertical jump performance in male collegiate athletes. The Journal of Strength Conditioning Research, 22(1), 226-229. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e31815f9d6a
Izquierdo, M., & Ibáñez, J. (2017). Crecimiento y maduración del deportista joven. Aplicación para el desarrollo de la fuerza. Revista de educación física: Renovar la teoría y practica(145), 47-47.
Jordán, O. R. C., López, L. M. G., & del Campo, D. G. D. (2002). La fuerza en el currículum de la educación física escolar Un análisis del papel de la fuerza en el vitae actual desde la perspectiva del desarrollo. Retos(1), 37-41. doi:10.47197/retos.v0i1.35110
Jukic, I., Calleja-González, J., Cos, F., Cuzzolin, F., Olmo, J., Terrados, N., . . . Milanovic, L. (2020). Strategies and solutions for team sports athletes in isolation due to covid-19. In: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute.
Malina, R. M., Bouchard, C., & Bar-Or, O. (2004). Growth, maturation, and physical activity: Human kinetics.
Moreno, S. M. (2020). La altura del salto en contramovimiento como instrumento de control de la fatiga neuromuscular: revisión sistemática. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación(37), 820-826.
Mujika, I. (1998). The influence of training characteristics and tapering on the adaptation in highly trained individuals: a review. International journal of sports medicine, 19(07), 439-446. doi:10.1055/s-2007-971942
Mujika, I., & Padilla, S. (2000). Detraining: loss of training-induced physiological and performance adaptations. Part I. J Sports Medicine, 30(2), 79-87.
Ramírez-Campillo, R., Burgos, C. H., Henríquez-Olguín, C., Andrade, D. C., Martínez, C., Álvarez, C., . . . Izquierdo, M. (2015). Effect of unilateral, bilateral, and combined plyometric training on explosive and endurance performance of young soccer players. The Journal of Strength Conditioning Research, 29(5), 1317-1328. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000762
Ramírez-Campillo, R., Meylan, C., Álvarez, C., Henríquez-Olguín, C., Martínez, C., Cañas-Jamett, R., . . . Izquierdo, M. (2014). Effects of in-season low-volume high-intensity plyometric training on explosive actions and endurance of young soccer players. The Journal of Strength Conditioning Research, 28(5), 1335-1342. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000284
Rodríguez-Rosell, D., Mora-Custodio, R., Franco-Márquez, F., Yáñez-García, J. M., & González-Badillo, J. (2017). Traditional vs. sport-specific vertical jump tests: reliability, validity, and relationship with the legs strength and sprint performance in adult and teen soccer and basketball players. The Journal of Strength Conditioning Research, 31(1), 196-206. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000001476
Rogol, A. D., Roemmich, J. N., & Clark, P. A. (2002). Growth at puberty. Journal of adolescent health, 31(6), 192-200.
Román, V. T., Ramos, D. G., Marín, D. M., Coll, J. S., Sánchez, I. B., & Gil, M. C. R. (2020). Análisis de la incidencia de lesiones y hábitos usados durante el calentamiento en el baloncesto femenino. Retos: nuevas tendencias en educación física, deporte y recreación(38), 6. doi:10.47197/retos.v38i38.74310
Rønnestad, B. R., Hansen, E. A., & Raastad, T. (2010a). In-season strength maintenance training increases well-trained cyclists’ performance. European journal of applied physiology, 110(6), 1269-1282.
Rønnestad, B. R., Hansen, E. A., & Raastad, T. (2010b). Effect of heavy strength training on thigh muscle cross-sectional area, performance determinants, and performance in well-trained cyclists. European journal of applied physiology, 108(5), 965-975.
Salazar, H., Svilar, L., Garcia, L., González-Lago, L., & Castellano, J. (2020). Negative Impact Of COVID-19 HomeConfinement On Physical Performance Of EliteYouth Basketball Players. Sport Performance & Science Reports.
Santos, E., & Janeira, M. (2009). Effects of reduced training and detraining on upper and lower body explosive strength in adolescent male basketball players. The Journal of Strength Conditioning Research, 23(6), 1737-1744. doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b3dc9d
Sassi, R. H., Dardouri, W., Yahmed, M. H., Gmada, N., Mahfoudhi, M. E., Gharbi, Z. J. T. J. o. S., & Research, C. (2009). Relative and absolute reliability of a modified agility T-test and its relationship with vertical jump and straight sprint. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 23(6), 1644-1651.
Scanlan, A., Humphries, B., Tucker, P. S., & Dalbo, V. (2014). The influence of physical and cognitive factors on reactive agility performance in men basketball players. Journal of sports sciences, 32(4), 367-374. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000458
Schelling, X., & Torres-Ronda, L. (2013). Conditioning for basketball: Quality and quantity of training. Strength Conditioning Journal, 35(6), 89-94. doi:10.1519/SSC.0000000000000018
Shaji, J., & Isha, S. (2009). Comparative analysis of plyometric training program and dynamic stretching on vertical jump and agility in male collegiate basketball player. Al Ame en J Med Sci Sports Exerc, 2(1), 36-46.
Silva, J. R., Brito, J., Akenhead, R., & Nassis, G. P. (2016). The transition period in soccer: a window of opportunity. J Sports Medicine, 46(3), 305-313.
Simenz, C. J., Dugan, C. A., & Ebben, W. P. (2005). Strength and conditioning practices of National Basketball Association strength and conditioning coaches. The Journal of Strength Conditioning Research, 19(3), 495-504.
Söhnlein, Q., Müller, E., & Stöggl, T. L. (2014). The effect of 16-week plyometric training on explosive actions in early to mid-puberty elite soccer players. The Journal of Strength Conditioning Research, 28(8), 2105-2114. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000000387
Sousa, A. C., Neiva, H. P., Izquierdo, M., Cadore, E. L., Alves, A. R., & Marinho, D. A. (2019). Concurrent training and detraining: brief review on the effect of exercise intensities. International journal of sports medicine, 40.
Spiteri, T., Nimphius, S., Hart, N. H., Specos, C., Sheppard, J. M., & Newton, R. U. (2014). Contribution of strength characteristics to change of direction and agility performance in female basketball athletes. The Journal of Strength Conditioning Research, 28(9), 2415-2423.
Stojanovic, M., Calleja-Gonzalez, J., Ostojic, S. M., Milosevic, Z., & Mikic, M. (2014). Correlación Entre la Fuerza Explosiva, la Potencia Aeróbica y la Capacidad de Repetir Sprint en Jugadores de Baloncesto Elite-G-SE/Editorial Board/Dpto. Contenido. Revista de Entrenamiento Deportivo, 28(3).
Svilar, L., Castellano, J., & Jukic, I. (2019). Comparison of 5vs5 training games and match-play using microsensor technology in elite basketball. The Journal of Strength Conditioning Research, 33(7), 1897-1903. doi:10.1519/JSC.0000000000002826
Timmins, R. G., Bourne, M. N., Shield, A. J., Williams, M. D., Lorenzen, C., & Opar, D. A. (2016). Short biceps femoris fascicles and eccentric knee flexor weakness increase the risk of hamstring injury in elite football (soccer): a prospective cohort study. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 50(24), 1524-1535. doi:10.1136/bjsports-2015-095362
Vamvakoudis, E., Vrabas, I. S., Galazoulas, C., Stefanidis, P., Metaxas, T. I., & Mandroukas, K. (2007). Effects of basketball training on maximal oxygen uptake, muscle strength, and joint mobility in young basketball players. Journal of strength conditioning research, 21(3), 930.
Vaquera, A., Rodríguez, J., Hernández, J., & Seco, J. (2003). Comparativa entre la fuerza explosiva del tren inferior y la velocidad en jugadores profesionales de baloncesto. Paper presented at the The Proceedings of the II Congreso Ibérico de Baloncesto: La Formación y el Rendimiento en Baloncesto. Universidad de Extremadura. Cáceres.
Varandas, F., Medina, D., Gómez, A., & Della Villa, S. (2017). Late Rehabilitation (On the Field). In Injuries and Health Problems in Football (pp. 571-579): Springer.
Woods, J., Hutchinson, N. T., Powers, S. K., Roberts, W. O., Gomez-Cabrera, M., Radak, Z., . . . Leeuwenburgh, C. (2020). The COVID-19 Pandemic and Physical Activity. In: Elsevier.
Zhang, S., Zhang, Y., Li, B., & Chen, N. (2018). Physical inactivity induces the atrophy of skeletal muscle of rats through activating AMPK/FoxO3 signal pathway. J Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci, 22(1), 199-209.
Zu, Z. Y., Jiang, M. D., Xu, P. P., Chen, W., Ni, Q. Q., Lu, G. M., & Zhang, L. J. (2020). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): a perspective from China. Radiology, 200490. doi:10.1148/radiol.2020200490
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Borja Ricart Luna, Pablo Monteagudo Chiner, Victor Pérez Puchades, Ana Cordellat Marzal, Ainoa Roldán Aliaga, Cristina Blasco Lafarga
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and ensure the magazine the right to be the first publication of the work as licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgment of authorship of the work and the initial publication in this magazine.
- Authors can establish separate additional agreements for non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published in the journal (eg, to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgment of its initial publication in this journal.
- Is allowed and authors are encouraged to disseminate their work electronically (eg, in institutional repositories or on their own website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as to a subpoena more Early and more of published work (See The Effect of Open Access) (in English).
This journal provides immediate open access to its content (BOAI, http://legacy.earlham.edu/~peters/fos/boaifaq.htm#openaccess) on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. The authors may download the papers from the journal website, or will be provided with the PDF version of the article via e-mail.
